Current Affairs - 9 October 2015

General Affairs

Bihar Has No Option But BJP, Says Union Minister Jitendra Singh

• NEW DELHI:  Citing administration in Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, Union Minister Jitendra Singh today said that BJP is the only alternative in Bihar which can offer equal opportunity to each and every citizen particularly the youth regardless of their family lineage or political clout.
  
  Mr Singh, Minister of State in Prime Minister's Office, was speaking at a function to flag off 300 volunteers of BJP-affiliated Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) for Patna to take part in Bihar election campaign.
  
  "Bihar has no option but Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the question is not who is better than the other but the real question is whether, other than BJP, is there any alternative political dispensation which can offer equal opportunity to each and every citizen particularly the youth regardless of their family lineage or political clout," he said.
  
  Mr Singh said the voter has grown mature faster than many of the politicians and therefore, merely unsubstantiated speeches or rhetorical references are not going to make any difference.
  
  "People have seen the progressive and visionary approach of BJP government under Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the Centre for the last 16 months and they are yearning to replicate the same model in Bihar," he was quoted as saying in an official press release.
  
  Mr Singh said, facts, figures and statistics distinctly stand out to indicate that whatever rise in growth rate and other parameters has been achieved by India in the last few years, it is primarily through the contribution of BJP-ruled states.
  
  "This is something that the young campaigners of ABVP are expected to explain to their peers and age-mates who are not well versed with the ideology and vision of BJP 'Sanghathan'.
  
  "Who, in Bihar, would not like to have a 'Vyavastha' or an administrative structure like the one that exists, for example, in Madhya Pradesh or Gujarat or Chhattisgarh?" he asked.

Prime Minister Modi Injecting Communalism in Bihar, Alleges Nitish Kumar

• PATNA:  Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar today accused Prime Minister Narendra Modi of injecting communalism into the election campaign after the BJP leader attacked RJD chief Lalu Prasad.
  
  "The real Modi on display - brazen attempt to add communal texture to Bihar polls but deafening silence on deplorable incident in Dadri," Mr Nitish Kumar tweeted.
  
  "All to see why Vajpayeeji was forced to remind him to follow Raj Dharma, but wonder who will be the Vajpayee today," he added.
  
  Mr Nitish Kumar said Mr Modi first found fault with his DNA, described Bihar as a 'BIMARU' (sick) state and the people of Bihar as 'durbhagyashali' (unfortunate).
  
  Now he called "Laluji" and the Grand Alliance of the Janata Dal-United, Rashtriya Janata Dal and the Congress as "shaitan".
  
  "All this has exposed Modi's mindset, desperation and his thoughts about the people of Bihar," Mr Nitish Kumar said.
  
  Meanwhile, Mr Lalu Prasad challenged the Prime Minister to show where and when he (Lalu) had said 'shaitan'. If Modi failed, he must apologise for dubbing Biharis as "devil", Mr Lalu Prasad said.
  
  "In the garb of attacking me, Modi described all Dalits and Other Backward Class as devil. In fact, he is frustrated and desperate following consolidation of Dalits and OBCs against him."
  
  On Wednesday, Mr Lalu Prasad questioned Mr Modi's silence on the issue of reservation.
  
  "Why did Modi remain silent on RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat's demand for a review of reservation in jobs and education for Dalits and OBCs?" the RJD leader asked.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi Wearing Different Masks, Alleges Congress

• NEW DELHI:  Congress today accused Prime Minister Narendra Modi of wearing different "masks" and giving "tacit approval" to communalise the situation in the wake of Dadri lynching incident.
  
  "The way ministers in the Modi government are raising the communal temperature in the wake of the Dadri incident and still the Prime Minister is silent suggests his tacit admission to their actions" party spokesperson Shobha Oza told reporters.
  
  "The way things are developing, right to life will have to be demanded," she said.
  
  Ms Oza noted that President Pranab Mukherjee has emphasized that the core values of diversity, tolerance and plurality of Indian civilization must be kept in mind and cannot be allowed to be wasted.
  
  "The Prime Minister is wearing different masks. He is giving tacit approval to communalise the situation in the wake of Dadri and speaks the language of development in poll-bound Bihar," she said.
  
  Hitting back at Mr Modi for calling JD(U)-RJD-Congress as 'mahaswarth bandhan" (alliance of big opportunism), she said BJP ally Mr Ram Vilas Paswan had resigned from Vajpayee Cabinet in the aftermath of the Gujarat communal riots while Mr Upendra Kushwaha was a JD(U) MP.
  
  Ms Oza also accused Mr Modi of giving a veiled threat to people of Bihar that if they failed to elect BJP to power, they will be denied the Rs. 1.25 lakh crore package from the Centre.
  
  People of Bihar, she claimed, knew that Prime Minister promises the moon before the elections, but delivers little after getting elected.
  
  She said that the problem of Rs. 2,000 crore in arrears of cane growers in the state could have got resolved if the seven central ministers from Bihar had shown commitment in the past 16 months.
  
  She said that the Prime Minister is not speaking a word on the issue of rising prices of essential commodities which has hit hard the common man.
  
  She claimed that Mr Ram Vilas Paswan, who is the Food Minister at the Centre, also hails from Bihar but was "doing precious little to bring down prices at a time when tur dal has become Rs. 200 per kg and onions Rs. 80".
  
  Mr Modi also came under attack from the Congress chief spokesman Randeep Surjewala who demanded an apology from the Prime Minister as well as BJP and RSS alleging that they have an "anti-dalit, anti-ST and anti-backward classes mindset".
  
  In a statement, Mr Surjewala alleged that the Prime Minister is "carrying forward the RSS ideology of denying social justice and subjugating these deprived sections- Dalits - Scheduled Tribes - Backward Classes" instead of projecting himself as their messiah".
  
  "We demand an apology from Shri Narendra Modi, Bharatiya Janata Party, RSS for their anti Dalit-ST OBC policies, decisions and mindset," Mr Surjewala said at a time when the Bihar polls is turning out to be a keen contest with RJD chief Lalu Prasad even calling it a fight between backwards and upper castes.

Consider Pakistan's Proliferation Track Record Before Any Nuke Deal: India

• NEW DELHI:  Reacting sharply to report that US is considering a nuclear deal with Pakistan on the lines of the Indo-US deal, India today said that anyone considering a nuke pact should first see Islamabad's proliferation track record.
  
  "We have seen these reports and it is not for the first time this issue has surfaced. Whosoever is examining that particular dossier should be well aware of Pakistan's track record in the area of proliferation. And when India got this particular deal it was on the basis of our own impeccable non-proliferation track record," spokesperson in the External Affairs Ministry, Vikas Swarup said.
  
  

  In an apparent reference to Pakistani scientist, Abdul Qadeer Khan, who was accused of leaking the nuke technology to countries like North Korea, Mr Swarup said, "That is the reason US gave us 123 agreement in 2005 and that is why we got a NSG waiver in 2008. Pakistan's track record is completely different so we hope that will taken into account in making any such decision."
  
  Mr Khan was one of Pakistan's top scientists and was involved in various scientific programs there until his dismissal in January 2004 by Pakistan government on the evidence provided by the US about his involvement in leaking bomb-making designs and equipment to at least three countries, Iran, North Korea and Libya.
  
  Ahead of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's visit to the US this month, a report in The Washington Post said the US is negotiating a pact on new limits on Pakistan's nuclear weapons and delivery systems. A deal that might lead to an agreement similar to the Indo-US civil nuclear deal.
  
  In a separate query on talks between the two countries, Mr Swarup said, "The understandings are very clear and that is two (Indo-Pak) National Security Advisors are to meet to discuss all issues connected to terrorism. The DG Border Security Force and the Pak Rangers and the Director General of Military Operations are to meet to sort out the issues on the border."
  
  It is understood that Pakistan had pushed India for a meeting between their Foreign Ministers as a pre-condition for talks between their National Security Advisors which was turned down by the Indian side.

Why Fresh Food Safety Tests on Maggi, Asks Nestle India

• NEW DELHI:  Nestle India today asked the apex consumer court why fresh food safety tests were being ordered on Maggi noodles when a similar exercise has already been conducted as per the directions of the Bombay High Court.
  
  The matter came up before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC), which heard it for nearly three hours.
  
  The bench of Justice VK Jain and Justice BC Gupta was hearing a class action suit filed against Nestle India.
  
  The case pertains to high levels of lead found in samples of the company's marquee brand Maggi.
  
  It said the commission would hear the application again on October 15 with regard to fresh tests on Maggi samples.
  
  Nestle, however, took an aggressive stand and said the NCDRC has no jurisdiction to hear the government's class action suit.
  
  "We are waiting for the results of the samples from three government-recommended laboratories as it was ordered by the high court. As such what is the need of parallel tests," Nestle's attorney asked about the suit filed by the consumer affairs ministry for alleged unfair trade practices by Nestle.
  
  Nestle's attorney said sampling should not be done to devalue the larger bench.
  
  In what it says amounts to judicial indiscipline, Nestle argued that the Maggi issue was covered under the Food Safety and Standards Act and that in itself was wide in scope for providing for adjudication of disputes.
  
  The company says there is no room available for the Consumer Protection Act to operate in this matter and the grounds of the government's class action suit have already been covered and dismissed by the Bombay High Court.
  
  Apprehensions about the samples being tampered with cannot be ruled out as they were not recommended either by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) officials or the consumer directly, the counsel said.
  
  On the issue of monosodium glutamate (MSG), the attorney said MSG was permitted for seasoning in noodles and since the product was not meant for children below 12 months of age, mentioning "No added MSG" on the packet was not mandatory.

Business Affairs 

Sensex snaps 6-day rally, ends 190 points down; Nifty holds 8,100

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  Snapping a six-day winning streak, the domestic markets retreated from their highest level in nearly 1-1/2 months on Thursday on emergence of selling in FMCG, banking, capital goods and healthcare stocks while a lack of announcements on restructuring power distributors' burgeoning loans also weighed.

  The S&P BSE Sensex ended the day at 26,845.81, down 190.04 points, while the broader 50-share Nifty index closed at 8,129.35, down 48.05 points.  

  Market breadth remained negative with 18 of the 30 Sensex stocks ending the day in red.

  GAIL , RIL and ITC were the top Sensex losers, down up to 3 per cent.  

  The upcoming earnings reporting season with Infosys due to post July-September results on October 12, and macro data including inflation and industrial output next week would be key domestic data points to watch in the near term.

  Meanwhile, foreign investors sold shares worth Rs 50.60 crore yesterday as per provisional data.

  State-run electricity distributors, who collectively owe $66 billion, are running out of cash and struggling to repay loans, squeezing banks' ability to spur credit growth and undermining Prime Minister Modi's campaign to lure energy-hungry manufacturers to expand production.

  "There is absence of buying at higher levels. The cabinet did not consider the loan restructuring proposal but they should going forward," said Deven Choksey, managing director at K R Choksey Securities.

  The domestic currency hit day's high of 65.18 after opening lower by 5 paise at 65.03 per dollar against previous close of 64.98. Yesterday the rupee touched an eight-week high of 64.95.

  Among Asian markets, China's Shanghai Composite hogged limelight and ended almost 3 percent higher after a gap of a week on National Day holidays. Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index  closed 0.71 per cent down at 22,354.91, while Japan's Nikkei closed 0.99 per cent down, ending six straight days of gains.

  The Dow Jones futures were trading 100 points down after data showed that US consumer borrowing advanced at a solid pace in August, as Americans took out more auto and student loans. The US Federal Reserve said that consumer borrowing rose by $16 billion in August, pushing the total to a fresh record of $3.47 trillion.

PE sector heats up, record deals worth $14 billion signed in January-September

• 
  

  Private equity sector witnessed significant traction as there were record 928 deals worth $14.24 billion in the first nine months of the year, the highest so far, both in terms of volume as well as value, says a report.

  According to VCCEdge Deal Report for the third quarter of this calender year, there have been 928 private equity deals worth $14.24 billion in the first three quarters of CY2015. "The tally so far this year has surpassed the deal volume witnessed in any previous year in the history of Indian private equity," the report said.

  Private equity inflow of $14.24 billion in the first 9 months of 2015 is up by a staggering 72 per cent over the last year and 32 per cent higher than the previous high of $10.74 billion seen during the first nine months of 2008. The July-September quarter saw significant deal momentum as investments of at least $4.7 billion, spread across 342 deals, were made during the last three-month period alone.

  Moreover, big-ticket deals ($100 million and above) constituted 61 per cent of the total private equity capital invested in the third quarter of this year. A sector-wise analysis showed that the top five sectors to attract significant private equity capital during the quarter were consumer discretionary, financials, information technology, health care and utilities. "Meanwhile, in terms of cities, India's financial capital, Mumbai, continued to be a hotbed for M&A as well and private equity activity in the country, followed by Bengaluru and New Delhi," the report said.

  In July-September quarter, venture capital funding saw an upswing with 114 deals being recorded during the quarter as against the 91 deals recorded during the corresponding period last year. "Deal value also shot up to $1.42 billion, growing over 140 per cent from the $590 million seen in same quarter last year," the report added.

Bombay HC rules in favour of Vodafone in tax case

• 
  

  The Bombay High Court has ruled in favour of Vodafone in one of a series of tax cases involving the British telecoms company in India, a decision seen as positive for several other firms fighting similar disputes.

  The court backed Vodafone's efforts to oppose a move by tax authorities to add Rs 8,500 crore ($1.3 billion) to the taxable income of a unit, Vodafone India Services, which provided call centre services to some group companies.

  It had initially received a tax claim of about $600 million.

  Vodafone, one of country's largest corporate investors, has repeatedly clashed with the authorities over taxes since it bought Hutchison's mobile business in 2007. It was held liable for capital gains tax which authorities say is owed on the deal.

  A dispute over a capital gains tax demand worth more than $2 billion related to that deal has yet to be resolved.

  Vodafone's treatment, seen by many investors as heavy-handed, had fuelled debate over India's unpredictable rules and regulations.

  The Bombay High Court had separately ruled in favour of the group last year in a transfer pricing tax dispute. In that case, income tax office had accused Vodafone India Services of under-pricing shares in a rights issue to its parent, and had demanded tax of about Rs 3,000 crore.

  The government, seeking to clean up a reputation for "tax terrorism", decided to not appeal that case.

  Transfer pricing is the value at which firms trade products, services or assets between units across borders, a regular part of doing business for a multinational.

  Several other multinationals including IBM Corp, Royal Dutch Shell Plc and Nokia Oyj are also fighting transfer-pricing cases in India.

  Vodafone said in a statement that it welcomed the latest court ruling. It did not comment further.

'Bovine' exports combat growth slump even as authorities get strident on bovine slaughter

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  Jammu & Kashmir legislative assembly members are fighting with one another over the consumption of "beef", but bovine products are not something that the commerce ministry can ignore today.

  The Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO) has identified bovine cuts, boneless and frozen, as one of the key products that has huge export potential. It is among the 36 products out of the top 100 products of India's exports basket that continue to show strong growth prospects amidst the continuing decline in India's export earnings.

  With $4.7 billion worth exports in 2014, bovine products earn the second-highest export revenue after articles made using precious metals ($11.2 billion export earnings in 2014) in the 36 product list.

  According to FIEO, the 36 products showed a CAGR of 21 per cent in India's exports during 2010-14 (as against overall exports CAGR of 9.56 per cent).

  The CAGR of the world's imports for such products was 16.63 per cent in the same period (as against overall global imports CAGR of 5.3 per cent in the same period).

  The total exports of these 36 products from India in 2014 (calendar year) was $45.58 billion, close to 14 per cent of our total exports.

  The World Imports for these 36 products in 2014 stood at $700.45 billion. India's share in World Exports for these 36 products was thus 6.5 per cent in 2014 as against our overall share of about 1.7 per cent in world merchandise exports.

  "If India can increase its share from 6.5 per cent to 10 per cent in next three years, we can take our exports from $45.58 billion to over $110 billion in the next three years," says SC Ralhan, President, FIEO.

  FIEO suggested consultations with products-specific Export Promotion Councils and other organisations to understand the supply side challenges in meeting such targets, and devising product-specific strategies or a product market matrix strategy to boost exports.

  Commerce Secretary Rita A Teaotia had held detailed consultations with around 27 Export Promotion Councils on October 7 to seek their views and suggestions on ways to promote exports. The results of the FIEO analysis were conveyed during that time. 

Top 10 stocks that buzzed on Dalal Street today

• 
  

  Snapping a six-day winning streak, the domestic markets retreated from their highest level in nearly 1-1/2 months on Thursday on emergence of selling in FMCG, banking, capital goods and healthcare stocks while a lack of announcements on restructuring power distributors' burgeoning loans also weighed.

  The S&P BSE Sensex ended the day at 26,845.81, down 190.04 points, while the broader 50-share Nifty index closed at 8,129.35, down 48.05 points.

  Below are the key stocks that remained in focus today:

  
  

  • Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri: Shares of TBZ moved higher by 17% after the company announced an arrangement with Snapdeal to showcase their high quality diamond jewellery and gold coins anytime, anywhere on online marketplace. The stock ended at Rs 134.80, up 9.59 per cent.
  • Man Industries: The shares of Man Industries ended 5.07 per cent higher after the company received orders worth Rs 700 crore for supply of pipes for oil, gas and water sector projects from international as well as domestic customers.
  • Reliance Industries: The scrip of RIL ended the day at Rs 889.15, down 2.70 per cent after hitting an intraday low of Rs 886.60, down 2.99 per cent. The stock fell in late afternoon trade after draft prospectus from DeGolyer and MacNaughton (D&M) suggested that there was extraction of gas by RIL from state-run Oil and Natural Gas Corporation's (ONGC) KG block.
  • Glenmark Pharmaceuticals: Shares of Glenmark Pharma slipped over 4 per cent in trade after the Delhi High Court restrained pharma major from manufacturing and selling its anti-diabetes drugs Zita and Zita-Met. The stock closed at Rs 993.20, down 3.84 per cent.
  • ITC: Index heavyweight and India's biggest cigarette maker ITC ended the day 2.06 per cent down at Rs 339.15 on media reports of a ban on loose cigarettes in Uttar Pradesh. The stock was the top Sensex loser in the early trade.
  • Dewan Housing Finance Corporation: Shares of DHFL fell over 2 per cent in trade on Thursday after the mortgage lender joined the rate cut war with bigger rivals by slashing its lending rate to 9.55 per cent to new borrowers for a limited period. The scrip settled at Rs 222.10, down 1 per cent.
  • DLF: Shares of realty major surged over 2 per cent on Thursday ahead of the board meeting to review and consider various strategic and financial options to drive sustainable and long-term growth and development of rental business. The stock ended flat at Rs 138.65.
  • Ballarpur Industries: Shares of BILT ended at Rs 16.64, up 3.55 per cent after surging over 6.22 per cent intraday as ratings agency Standard & Poor's revised outlook on the company and its core subsidiary Bilt Paper BV to positive from stable on the back of its exit from Malaysian unit Sabah Forest Industries.
  • HCL Infosystems: Shares of HCL Infosystems shot up 10 per cent in trade on Thursday after Derive Investments, an investment company run by Radhakishan Damani, bought nearly two percentage point's stake in the company at an average price of Rs 49.38 apiece through open market. The stock closed the day at Rs 56.90, up 9.95 per cent.
  • Force Motors: Shares of Force Motors closed the day 7.67 per cent higher at Rs 3,041, continuing their winning spree over the past five sessions. The stock has gained over 30 per cent over the past week on expectations of a pickup in discretionary spend in the economy and a revision of circuit limits for the stock.

General Awareness

Indian Constitution Part – II

• • 
    

    This section is the continuation of the Indian Constitution Part I.In this section we are focusing on the articles of the Indian Constitution from Part VI to Part X.

    • Click Here to Read Indian Constitution1

     PART VI : THE STATES(152 – 237)

    Article	Importance
    Chapter I : General
    152	Definition.
    Chapter II : The Executive
    The Governor
    153	Governors of States.
    154	Executive power of State
    155	Appointment of Governor.
    156	Term of office of Governor.
    157	Qualifications for appointment as Governor.
    158	Conditions of Governor’s office
    159	Oath or affirmation by the Governor.
    160	Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
    161	Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
    162	Extent of executive power of State
    Council of Ministers
    163	Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor.
    164	Other provisions as to Ministers The Advocate-General for the State
    165	Advocate-General for the State. Conduct of Government Business
    166	Conduct of business of the Government of a State
    167	Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.
    Chapter III : The State Legislature
    General
    168	Constitution of Legislatures in States
    169	Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.
    170	Composition of the Legislative Assemblies.
    171	Composition of the Legislative Councils.
    172	Duration of State Legislatures.
    173	Qualification for membership of the State Legislature
    174	Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution.
    175	Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses.
    176 177.	Special address by the Governor. Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses
    Officers of the State Legislature
    178	The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.
    179	Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
    180	Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
    181.	The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
    182	The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council.
    183	Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
    184	Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.
    185	The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
    186	Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
    187	Secretariat of State Legislature.
    Conduct of Business
    188	Oath or affirmation by members.
    189	Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
    Disqualifications of Members
    190	Vacation of seats
    191	Disqualifications for membership.
    192	Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.
    193.	Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified
    Powers, privileges and Immunities of State Legislatures and their Members
    194	Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof.
    195.	Salaries and allowances of members
    Legislative Procedure
    196.	Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
    197	Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills.
    198	Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.
    199.	Definition of “Money Bills”
    200	Assent to Bills.
    201	Bills reserved for consideration.
    Procedure in Financial Matters
    202	Annual financial statement.
    203	Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates.
    204	Appropriation Bills.
    205	Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
    206	Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
    207	Special provisions as to financial Bills.
    Procedure Generally
    208	Rules of procedure.
    209	Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business.
    210.	Language to be used in the Legislature
    211	Restriction on discussion in the Legislature.
    212.	Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature
    Chapter IV : Legislative Power Of The  Governor
    213	Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature
    Chapter V : The High Courts In The States
    214	High Courts for States.
    215	High Courts to be courts of record.
    216	Constitution of High Courts.
    217	Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court.
    218	Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts.
    219	Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts.
    220	Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge.
    221	Salaries, etc., of Judges.
    222	Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another.
    223	Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
    224	Appointment of additional and acting Judges.
    224A	Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts.
    225	Jurisdiction of existing High Courts.
    226	Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.
    226A	Repealed
    227	Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court.
    228	Transfer of certain cases to High Court.
    228A	Repealed
    229	Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts.
    230	Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories.
    231	Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States.
    Chapter VI : Subordinate Courts
    233.	Appointment of district judges
    233A	Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges.
    234	Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service.
    235	Control over subordinate courts.
    236	Interpretation.
    237	Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates.

    PART VII : THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE(Repealed)

    Article	Importance
    238	Repealed

    PART VIII : THE UNION TERRITORIES (239 – 242)

    Article	Importance
    239	Administration of Union territories
    239A	Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories
    239A	Special provisions with respect to Delhi.
    239AA	Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery.
    239AB	Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
    240	Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories.
    241	High Courts for Union territories.
    242	Repealed

    PART IX : THE PANCHAYATS(243 – 243O)

    Article	Importance
    243	Definitions.
    243A	Gram Sabha.
    243B	Constitution of Panchayats.
    243C	Composition of Panchayats.
    243D	Reservation of seats.
    243E	Duration of Panchayats, etc
    243F	Disqualifications for membership.
    243G	Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.
    243H	Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats.
    243-I	Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position.
    243J	Audit of accounts of Panchayat
    243K	Elections to the Panchayats.
    243L	Application to Union territories.
    243M	Part not to apply to certain areas.
    243N	Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats.
    243-O	Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.

    
    

    PART IXA : THE MUNICIPALITIES(243P – 243ZG)

    Article	Importance
    243P	Definitions.
    243Q	Constitution of Municipalities.
    243R	Composition of Municipalities.
    243S	Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc.
    243T	Reservation of seats.
    243U.	Duration of Municipalities, etc
    243V	Disqualifications for membership.
    243W	Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.
    243X..	Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities
    243	Finance Commission.
    243Z	Audit of accounts of Municipalities.
    243ZA	Elections to the Municipalities.
    243ZB	Application to Union territories.
    243ZC	Part not to apply to certain areas.
    243ZE	Committee for Metropolitan planning.
    243ZF	Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities
    243ZG	Bar to interference by Courts in electoral matters.

    
    

    PART X : THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS(244 – 244A)

    Article	Importance
    244	Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.
    244A	Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor.