General Affairs
In BJP's Vision Document for Bihar, a Promise of Scooties, Colour TVs and Laptops
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PATNA: In a please-all vision document for Bihar, the BJP today announced scooties for girl students who score well, colour TVs for the dalits and mahadalits - the most underprivileged of the population - and cheaper education loans.
Releasing the party's vision document, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley slammed the Nitish-Kumar led 'Grand Alliance', saying it's time to end the "jungle raj" in Bihar.
"We need to rescue Bihar from backwardness. Congress, Janata Dal (United) and RJD have ruled Bihar for 68 years but have not done much for it. Our vision document is a charter for development," Mr Jaitley said.
In its vision document, the party promises Atal Medicine Centres, which would provide medicines at a discount, and plots for the landless.
"Every girl child will go to school," Mr Jaitley said, adding that village councils that encouraged education for every girl above six would be rewarded.
The party promises cheaper loans for the technical and professional education of women and also says students who perform well in their Class 10 and 12 exams will be gifted a scooty according to merit.
"Youths from Bihar move to other states looking for jobs. We want to bring an end to it," Mr Jaitley said.
Citing BJP's development credentials, Mr Jaitley said, "Madhya Pradesh was among BIMARU states - there were no roads, no electricity. But we changed it in 15 years."
Bihar will hold five-phase assembly elections from October 12. The results will be known on November 8.
PATNA: In a please-all vision document for Bihar, the BJP today announced scooties for girl students who score well, colour TVs for the dalits and mahadalits - the most underprivileged of the population - and cheaper education loans.Releasing the party's vision document, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley slammed the Nitish-Kumar led 'Grand Alliance', saying it's time to end the "jungle raj" in Bihar.
In its vision document, the party promises Atal Medicine Centres, which would provide medicines at a discount, and plots for the landless.
"Every girl child will go to school," Mr Jaitley said, adding that village councils that encouraged education for every girl above six would be rewarded.
The party promises cheaper loans for the technical and professional education of women and also says students who perform well in their Class 10 and 12 exams will be gifted a scooty according to merit.
"Youths from Bihar move to other states looking for jobs. We want to bring an end to it," Mr Jaitley said.
Citing BJP's development credentials, Mr Jaitley said, "Madhya Pradesh was among BIMARU states - there were no roads, no electricity. But we changed it in 15 years."
Bihar will hold five-phase assembly elections from October 12. The results will be known on November 8.
Indian Scientists Dispute Decade-Old Cancer Biology Principles
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SINGAPORE: Indian scientists at the Columbia University have disputed decade-old cancer biology principles by showing that a gene critical for preventing the disease did not work as thought of previously.
The gene whose role in cancer development has till now baffled scientists around the world is commonly known as A20 or TNFAIP3.
It functions properly in healthy individuals. However, individuals develop cancer if for some reason the gene fails to function. Thus, many cancer patients are known to carry a dysfunctional variety of the gene.
The scientists came up with the first animal model of A20 to understand how this gene works in the body. Based on results over the past decade, they expected that these animals would develop cancer. But to their surprise, they found that the animals had a largely healthy life-span.
The work was undertaken by Indian-origin scientist Arnab De as a part of his doctorate study at the Columbia University in the laboratory of pioneering Indian-American immunologist Sankar Ghosh.
Chozha Rathinam, also of Indian origin, and Teruki Dainichi, currently at the Kyoto University, are the other authors of the report and who supported the research study.
The research work was highlighted by the peer-reviewed European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Reports, which highlights only articles considered to be of "fundamental relevance to a general readership".
Professor Henning Walczak, Scientific Director of Cancer Research UK and Chairman of University College London, noted the importance the work.
"If A20 cannot function as a result of hereditary mutations or infection, it results in serious pathologies, including cancer," he said.
"Before this work, there was no animal model to understand how this critical tumor suppress or works.
"Having an animal model now, significantly improves our ability to investigate how A20 works and this study already goes a long way in clarifying how A20 fails to work properly in patients and, as a consequence thereof, in developing potential cancer therapeutics," Prof Walczak said.
According to the latest figures by the World Health Organisation (WHO), 8.2 million people die from cancer every year. The WHO website states that more than 100 different types of cancer exists, each requiring unique diagnosis and treatment.
SINGAPORE: Indian scientists at the Columbia University have disputed decade-old cancer biology principles by showing that a gene critical for preventing the disease did not work as thought of previously.The gene whose role in cancer development has till now baffled scientists around the world is commonly known as A20 or TNFAIP3.
It functions properly in healthy individuals. However, individuals develop cancer if for some reason the gene fails to function. Thus, many cancer patients are known to carry a dysfunctional variety of the gene.
The scientists came up with the first animal model of A20 to understand how this gene works in the body. Based on results over the past decade, they expected that these animals would develop cancer. But to their surprise, they found that the animals had a largely healthy life-span.
Chozha Rathinam, also of Indian origin, and Teruki Dainichi, currently at the Kyoto University, are the other authors of the report and who supported the research study.
The research work was highlighted by the peer-reviewed European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Reports, which highlights only articles considered to be of "fundamental relevance to a general readership".
Professor Henning Walczak, Scientific Director of Cancer Research UK and Chairman of University College London, noted the importance the work.
"If A20 cannot function as a result of hereditary mutations or infection, it results in serious pathologies, including cancer," he said.
"Before this work, there was no animal model to understand how this critical tumor suppress or works.
"Having an animal model now, significantly improves our ability to investigate how A20 works and this study already goes a long way in clarifying how A20 fails to work properly in patients and, as a consequence thereof, in developing potential cancer therapeutics," Prof Walczak said.
According to the latest figures by the World Health Organisation (WHO), 8.2 million people die from cancer every year. The WHO website states that more than 100 different types of cancer exists, each requiring unique diagnosis and treatment.
Arun Jaitley to Leave for 10-Day Tour to US, Peru on Saturday
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NEW DELHI: Finance Minister Arun Jaitley will leave for 10-day visit to the US and Peru on October 3 to attend IMF-World Bank meetings and give a lecture at a university.
Mr Jaitley will reach New York on October 4. During his US stay he is scheduled to give a lecture at Columbia University.
Thereafter, the Finance Minister will visit Peru to attend annual Fund-Bank meetings to be held in Lima, Peru from October 9 to 11.
Besides the Minister, the Fund-Bank meetings would be attended by RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan, Economic Affairs Secretary Shaktikanta Das and Chief Economic Adviser Arvind Subramanian.
Mr Jaitley will also participate in the G-20 finance ministers meeting and BRICS finance ministers meeting on the sidelines of Fund-Bank meetings.
The minister is expected to highlight various reform measures undertaken by India during his intervention at the annual meetings.
He is also likely to pitch for coordinated global action to deal with the black money menace. Besides, India is likely to pitch for quota reforms in the IMF and World Bank.
Mr Jaitley recently underlined the need for voice reforms in the World Bank with a view to according greater say to emerging economies in the activities of the multilateral lending agency.
The issue of voice reforms and increase in capital base of the agency was raised by Mr Jaitley at a meeting with the World Bank Managing Director Sri Mulyani Indrawati.
India has been seeking voice and quota reforms in multilateral bodies like the IMF and World Bank so that emerging economies could have more clout in the working of these institutions.
NEW DELHI: Finance Minister Arun Jaitley will leave for 10-day visit to the US and Peru on October 3 to attend IMF-World Bank meetings and give a lecture at a university.Mr Jaitley will reach New York on October 4. During his US stay he is scheduled to give a lecture at Columbia University.
Thereafter, the Finance Minister will visit Peru to attend annual Fund-Bank meetings to be held in Lima, Peru from October 9 to 11.
Besides the Minister, the Fund-Bank meetings would be attended by RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan, Economic Affairs Secretary Shaktikanta Das and Chief Economic Adviser Arvind Subramanian.
The minister is expected to highlight various reform measures undertaken by India during his intervention at the annual meetings.
He is also likely to pitch for coordinated global action to deal with the black money menace. Besides, India is likely to pitch for quota reforms in the IMF and World Bank.
Mr Jaitley recently underlined the need for voice reforms in the World Bank with a view to according greater say to emerging economies in the activities of the multilateral lending agency.
The issue of voice reforms and increase in capital base of the agency was raised by Mr Jaitley at a meeting with the World Bank Managing Director Sri Mulyani Indrawati.
India has been seeking voice and quota reforms in multilateral bodies like the IMF and World Bank so that emerging economies could have more clout in the working of these institutions.
UP Government 'More to Blame' for Dadri Incident: Mayawati
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LUCKNOW: Bahujan Samaj Party chief Mayawati today said that Uttar Pradesh government was "more to blame" for the lynching incident in Dadri, than the "unruly and criminal elements" in BJP and RSS.
The state administration never tried to seriously fulfil its constitutional duty of bringing the guilty to task, she alleged.
"More than the anarchic and criminal elements in BJP-RSS, it is the Akhilesh Yadav government which is to be blamed... not just in Dadri, but at other places too. People are out to spoil the atmosphere yet the government is not taking action against them," Mayawati said.
"The state government is neither taking action on its own nor letting the local police do the same...the main reason for this is they believe that they can survive only in such an atmosphere," she said in a press statement here.
A 50-year-old man was beaten to death and his son seriously injured by a mob which barged into their house in Dadri village last Monday following rumours that a cow has been slaughtered and the beef was stored in his house.
Alleging that government has never shown any remorse in any such unfortunate incident, Mayawati said, the Samajwadi Party government has never appeared serious in fulfilling its constitutional duty of ensuring justice to those affected.
It has become a practice for this government to "weigh heinous crimes in money" as it believes that "sorrows and tears can be bought and sold", she said.
"In this incident too, the government has failed to ensure justice to the affected family and in turn exposed the internal understanding between Samajwadi Party and the BJP-RSS combine," the BSP chief said.
It has exposed the reality of the bad law and order situation in Uttar Pradesh during Akhilesh Yadav regime, Mayawati said. PTI SAB
LUCKNOW: Bahujan Samaj Party chief Mayawati today said that Uttar Pradesh government was "more to blame" for the lynching incident in Dadri, than the "unruly and criminal elements" in BJP and RSS.The state administration never tried to seriously fulfil its constitutional duty of bringing the guilty to task, she alleged.
"More than the anarchic and criminal elements in BJP-RSS, it is the Akhilesh Yadav government which is to be blamed... not just in Dadri, but at other places too. People are out to spoil the atmosphere yet the government is not taking action against them," Mayawati said.
"The state government is neither taking action on its own nor letting the local police do the same...the main reason for this is they believe that they can survive only in such an atmosphere," she said in a press statement here.
Alleging that government has never shown any remorse in any such unfortunate incident, Mayawati said, the Samajwadi Party government has never appeared serious in fulfilling its constitutional duty of ensuring justice to those affected.
It has become a practice for this government to "weigh heinous crimes in money" as it believes that "sorrows and tears can be bought and sold", she said.
"In this incident too, the government has failed to ensure justice to the affected family and in turn exposed the internal understanding between Samajwadi Party and the BJP-RSS combine," the BSP chief said.
It has exposed the reality of the bad law and order situation in Uttar Pradesh during Akhilesh Yadav regime, Mayawati said. PTI SAB
Asteroids are Moon's Main 'Water Supply'
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MOSCOW: Water reserves found on the Moon are the result of asteroids acting as "delivery vehicles" and not of falling ice comets as was previously thought, a new study using computer simulation has found.
Scientists have discovered that a large asteroid can deliver more water to the lunar surface than the cumulative fall of comets over a billion year period.
Vladimir Svettsov from Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres and Valery Shuvalov from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in Russia, developed the most probable mechanism of water delivery to the Moon and an approximate "supply" volume, using computerised modelling of the fall of cosmic bodies onto the surface of the Moon.
The typical velocity of an ice comet ranges from 20 to 50 km per second. The estimates suggested that such a high impact velocity causes from 95 to 99.9 per cent of the water to evaporate into space beyond retrieve.
There is a family of short-period comets whose velocity of fall is much lower - 8-10 km per second. Such short-period comets account for about 1.5 per cent of lunar craters.
The simulation has shown that when these short-period comets do fall, almost all the water evaporates and less than 1 per cent of it remains at the impact point.
"We came to the conclusion that only a very small amount of water that arrives with a comet stays on the Moon, and from this decided to explore the possibility of an asteroid origin of lunar water," Shuvalov said.
The scientists decided to take a closer look at asteroids and found that they consist of initially non-differentiated construction materials of the solar system and contain a rather considerable proportion of water.
In particular, chondrite carbonaceous, the most common type of asteroids and meteorites, can contain up to 10 per cent water.
However, water in chondrites is effectively protected - it is in a chemically bounded condition, and it is "blocked" in a crystal lattice of minerals.
Water starts to seep out when it is heated to 300-1200 degrees Celsius depending on the type of hydrous mineral.
This means that it has the potential of remaining in the crater together with the asteroid.
The simulation has also showed that when the velocity of fall is 14 km per second and the angle of fall is 45 degrees, about half of the asteroid's mass will never even reach the fusing temperature and remains in a solid state.
One-third of all asteroids that fall on the Moon have a velocity of less than 14 km per second just before impact.
When this happens, the major part of the fallen body remains in the crater - 30-40 per cent is left after an oblique impact, and 60-70 per cent after a vertical one.
"We've concluded that the fall of asteroids containing water could generate "deposits" of chemically bounded water inside some lunar craters," Shuvalov said.
"The fall of one two-kilometre size asteroid with a rather high proportion of hydrated minerals could bring to the Moon more water than all of the comets that have fallen over billions of years," Shuvalov said.
The study was published in the journal Planetary and Space Science.
MOSCOW: Water reserves found on the Moon are the result of asteroids acting as "delivery vehicles" and not of falling ice comets as was previously thought, a new study using computer simulation has found.Scientists have discovered that a large asteroid can deliver more water to the lunar surface than the cumulative fall of comets over a billion year period.
Vladimir Svettsov from Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres and Valery Shuvalov from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in Russia, developed the most probable mechanism of water delivery to the Moon and an approximate "supply" volume, using computerised modelling of the fall of cosmic bodies onto the surface of the Moon.
The typical velocity of an ice comet ranges from 20 to 50 km per second. The estimates suggested that such a high impact velocity causes from 95 to 99.9 per cent of the water to evaporate into space beyond retrieve.
The simulation has shown that when these short-period comets do fall, almost all the water evaporates and less than 1 per cent of it remains at the impact point.
"We came to the conclusion that only a very small amount of water that arrives with a comet stays on the Moon, and from this decided to explore the possibility of an asteroid origin of lunar water," Shuvalov said.
The scientists decided to take a closer look at asteroids and found that they consist of initially non-differentiated construction materials of the solar system and contain a rather considerable proportion of water.
In particular, chondrite carbonaceous, the most common type of asteroids and meteorites, can contain up to 10 per cent water.
However, water in chondrites is effectively protected - it is in a chemically bounded condition, and it is "blocked" in a crystal lattice of minerals.
Water starts to seep out when it is heated to 300-1200 degrees Celsius depending on the type of hydrous mineral.
This means that it has the potential of remaining in the crater together with the asteroid.
The simulation has also showed that when the velocity of fall is 14 km per second and the angle of fall is 45 degrees, about half of the asteroid's mass will never even reach the fusing temperature and remains in a solid state.
One-third of all asteroids that fall on the Moon have a velocity of less than 14 km per second just before impact.
When this happens, the major part of the fallen body remains in the crater - 30-40 per cent is left after an oblique impact, and 60-70 per cent after a vertical one.
"We've concluded that the fall of asteroids containing water could generate "deposits" of chemically bounded water inside some lunar craters," Shuvalov said.
"The fall of one two-kilometre size asteroid with a rather high proportion of hydrated minerals could bring to the Moon more water than all of the comets that have fallen over billions of years," Shuvalov said.
The study was published in the journal Planetary and Space Science.
Business Affairs
Sensex closes 66 points higher on weak manufacturing data
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The S&P BSE Sensex on Thursday closed 66.12 points or 0.25 per cent higher at 26,220.95 from the previous day's close, mainly on weak manufacturing data for the month of September.
The barometer 30-scrip sensitive index (Sensex) of the Bombay Stock Exchange had previously on Wednesday closed with gains of 376 points or 1.46 per cent.
Initially, the markets made healthy gains and continued their upward trajectory on the back of Tuesday's monetary easing by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), supportive Asian markets and strengthening rupee value.
However, the upward momentum lost its steam as the latest Nikkei India Manufacturing PMI (Purchasing Manufacturers Index) for the last month showed a contraction.
The PMI was at a seven-month low of 51.2 in September.
The wider 50-scrip Nifty of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) also ended the day's trade on a flat note. It closed higher by 2 points or 0.03 per cent at 7,950.90 points.
The Sensex touched a high of 26,431.80 points and a low of 26,168.71 points in the intra-day trade.
The S&P BSE Sensex on Thursday closed 66.12 points or 0.25 per cent higher at 26,220.95 from the previous day's close, mainly on weak manufacturing data for the month of September.
The barometer 30-scrip sensitive index (Sensex) of the Bombay Stock Exchange had previously on Wednesday closed with gains of 376 points or 1.46 per cent.
Initially, the markets made healthy gains and continued their upward trajectory on the back of Tuesday's monetary easing by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), supportive Asian markets and strengthening rupee value.
However, the upward momentum lost its steam as the latest Nikkei India Manufacturing PMI (Purchasing Manufacturers Index) for the last month showed a contraction.
The PMI was at a seven-month low of 51.2 in September.
The wider 50-scrip Nifty of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) also ended the day's trade on a flat note. It closed higher by 2 points or 0.03 per cent at 7,950.90 points.
The Sensex touched a high of 26,431.80 points and a low of 26,168.71 points in the intra-day trade.
Kotak Mahindra Bank, YES Bank cut base rate by 25 bps
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Kotak Mahindra Bank and YES Bank on on Thursday announced a 25 bps cut in their lending rates to 9.5 per cent and 10.25 per cent respectively. The reduced rates will come into effect from October 5.
Kotak Mahindra Bank is the fourth largest while YES Bank is the fifth largest private sector bank in the country. Both the banks have joined the bandwagon by cutting their base rates after Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Raghuram Rajan announced a 50 bps cut in repo rate in fourth bi-monthly monetary policy review held on September 29.
The State Bank of India (SBI), the largest public sector bank, was amongst the first to announce a cut in its lending rate by 40 bps to 9.3 per cent to be followed by IDBI Bank, Punjab National Bank, Axis Bank amongst others.
Kotak Mahindra Bank and YES Bank on on Thursday announced a 25 bps cut in their lending rates to 9.5 per cent and 10.25 per cent respectively. The reduced rates will come into effect from October 5.
Kotak Mahindra Bank is the fourth largest while YES Bank is the fifth largest private sector bank in the country. Both the banks have joined the bandwagon by cutting their base rates after Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Raghuram Rajan announced a 50 bps cut in repo rate in fourth bi-monthly monetary policy review held on September 29.
The State Bank of India (SBI), the largest public sector bank, was amongst the first to announce a cut in its lending rate by 40 bps to 9.3 per cent to be followed by IDBI Bank, Punjab National Bank, Axis Bank amongst others.
Sebi allows higher overseas investment by AIFs, VCs
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Market regulator Sebi has allowed Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) and Venture Capital Funds (VCFs) to invest up to 25 per cent of their funds in foreign companies having 'Indian connection'.
Among others, such entities would include companies having a front office overseas, but backoffice operations in India.
At present, India-based VC funds are permitted to invest up to 10 per cent of their investible funds in Offshore Venture Capital Undertakings with Indian connection, which has now been increased to 25 per cent.
For AIFs, there were no specific norms in place with regard to the quantum of such investments.
Issuing new norms, Sebi said AIFs can invest in equity and equity-linked instruments of offshore venture capital undertakings with Indian connection, subject to an overall limit of $500 million (combined limit for AIFs and VC Funds registered with Sebi).
The regulator has put necessary safeguards for the investors by requiring greater disclosures about the associates and managers of the AIF.
The norms follow Sebi receiving representations from the industry that there has been a major shift of Indian entrepreneurs outside India.
Earlier, a draft was issued in this regard. Many Indian entrepreneurs have been setting up their headquarters outside India with back-end operations and/or research and developments being undertaken in India.
Therefore, a need was felt to allow higher overseas investment by VCFs more than existing 10 per cent limit. It was felt that such investments would provide opportunities to the funds to generate better returns globally and getting exposure to the international markets practices, among others.
Market regulator Sebi has allowed Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) and Venture Capital Funds (VCFs) to invest up to 25 per cent of their funds in foreign companies having 'Indian connection'.
Among others, such entities would include companies having a front office overseas, but backoffice operations in India.
At present, India-based VC funds are permitted to invest up to 10 per cent of their investible funds in Offshore Venture Capital Undertakings with Indian connection, which has now been increased to 25 per cent.
For AIFs, there were no specific norms in place with regard to the quantum of such investments.
Issuing new norms, Sebi said AIFs can invest in equity and equity-linked instruments of offshore venture capital undertakings with Indian connection, subject to an overall limit of $500 million (combined limit for AIFs and VC Funds registered with Sebi).
The regulator has put necessary safeguards for the investors by requiring greater disclosures about the associates and managers of the AIF.
The norms follow Sebi receiving representations from the industry that there has been a major shift of Indian entrepreneurs outside India.
Earlier, a draft was issued in this regard. Many Indian entrepreneurs have been setting up their headquarters outside India with back-end operations and/or research and developments being undertaken in India.
Therefore, a need was felt to allow higher overseas investment by VCFs more than existing 10 per cent limit. It was felt that such investments would provide opportunities to the funds to generate better returns globally and getting exposure to the international markets practices, among others.
Proposal on compensating users for call drops by Oct 15: Trai
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Sector regulator Trai will come out with recommendations on compensating consumers for call drops by October 15 while it will also release a service paper in the next few days listing reasons behind the menace.
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Trai) on Thursday conducted an open house discussion on the issue wherein all the stakeholders including mobile operators and consumer groups expressed their views.
"We will come out with recommendations on compensation to the consumers for call drops by October 15. The stakeholders can submit their written submission on the issue deliberated today by October 5," Trai Chairman RS Sharma said.
He further said the regulator will also come out with a quality of service paper in the next few days which will identify the reasons responsible for call drops.
"We will present the ground situation on call drops in data terms," Sharma added.
The move will help customers to determine, which player is providing better services in an area that will help them in choosing an operator. Trai will also publish the results of the drive tests conducted by it on September 28-29 in Delhi and Mumbai in a few days.
Apart from the two metros, Trai has also conducted drive tests in five other cities including Ahmedabad and Pune recently.
It is also considering making it mandatory for telecom operators to disclose their network capacities periodically, as the regulator feels that call drop problem needs to be examined in entirety.
The operators are though opposing any move for compensation on call drops while the consumers are strongly backing it. The operators said there are many things which are responsible for call drops and not all are under their control.
They also said the cost to set up a mechanism for tracking call drops will be huge.
Bharti Airtel said during the open house that as per the licence conditions, operators are required to provide street level coverage and not inside buildings.
Telecom Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad had said on Wednesday that call drop problem was improving across the country.
The minister said operators have contained the problem and nearly half of the defective mobile sites have been fixed.
The call drop problem has become acute in the last four-five months and even Prime Minister Narendra Modi has voiced serious concern over the issue.
The government recently stepped up pressure on operators to check call drops asking their promoters including Anil Ambani, Kumar Mangalam Birla and Sunil Mittal to directly intervene in the matter. It had also warned that the companies would face penal action if they fail to take corrective actions.
Sector regulator Trai will come out with recommendations on compensating consumers for call drops by October 15 while it will also release a service paper in the next few days listing reasons behind the menace.
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Trai) on Thursday conducted an open house discussion on the issue wherein all the stakeholders including mobile operators and consumer groups expressed their views.
"We will come out with recommendations on compensation to the consumers for call drops by October 15. The stakeholders can submit their written submission on the issue deliberated today by October 5," Trai Chairman RS Sharma said.
He further said the regulator will also come out with a quality of service paper in the next few days which will identify the reasons responsible for call drops.
"We will present the ground situation on call drops in data terms," Sharma added.
The move will help customers to determine, which player is providing better services in an area that will help them in choosing an operator. Trai will also publish the results of the drive tests conducted by it on September 28-29 in Delhi and Mumbai in a few days.
Apart from the two metros, Trai has also conducted drive tests in five other cities including Ahmedabad and Pune recently.
It is also considering making it mandatory for telecom operators to disclose their network capacities periodically, as the regulator feels that call drop problem needs to be examined in entirety.
The operators are though opposing any move for compensation on call drops while the consumers are strongly backing it. The operators said there are many things which are responsible for call drops and not all are under their control.
They also said the cost to set up a mechanism for tracking call drops will be huge.
Bharti Airtel said during the open house that as per the licence conditions, operators are required to provide street level coverage and not inside buildings.
Telecom Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad had said on Wednesday that call drop problem was improving across the country.
The minister said operators have contained the problem and nearly half of the defective mobile sites have been fixed.
The call drop problem has become acute in the last four-five months and even Prime Minister Narendra Modi has voiced serious concern over the issue.
The government recently stepped up pressure on operators to check call drops asking their promoters including Anil Ambani, Kumar Mangalam Birla and Sunil Mittal to directly intervene in the matter. It had also warned that the companies would face penal action if they fail to take corrective actions.
ATF price up 5.5 per cent, non-subsidised LPG cut by Rs 42 per cylinder
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ATF or jet fuel price was on Thursday hiked by 5.5 per cent on global trends while rates of non-subsidised cooking gas LPG were cut by Rs 42 per cylinder.
Also, rates of non-subsidised kerosene were increased by Rs 54 paisa to Rs 43.18 per litre.
Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) price in Delhi was raised by Rs 2245.92 per kilolitre (kl), or 5.48 per cent, to Rs 43,184.16 per kl, oil companies announced on Thursday.
The hike comes after a steep 11.7 per cent or Rs 5,469.12 per kl cut in rates to Rs 40,938.24 per kl effected from September 1, the third in straight monthly reduction. Prior to that jet fuel rate was cut by 9.4 per cent to Rs 46,407.36 on August 1 and by Rs 2,086.56 per kl to Rs 51,267.36 on July 1.
Rates vary at different airports because of differential local sales tax or value-added tax (VAT).
Jet fuel constitutes over 40 per cent of an airline's operating costs and the price increase will raise the financial burden on cash-strapped carriers.
No immediate comment was available from airlines on the impact of price reduction on passenger fares.
Simultaneously, the oil firms have also cut prices of non-subsidised LPG, which consumers buy after exhausting their quota of subsidised cooking fuel, by Rs 42 per 14.2-kg bottle.
Non-subsidised cooking gas (LPG) now costs Rs 517.50 in Delhi.
This is the fourth reduction in rates in as many months.
Non-subsidised LPG price was last cut by Rs 25.50 on September 1. Prior to that rates were cut by Rs 23.50 on August 1 and by Rs 18 per cylinder to Rs 608.50 on July 1.
Non-subsidised or market-priced LPG is one that consumers buy after exhausting their quota of 12 bottles of 14.2-kg each at subsidised rates in a year.
Subsidised LPG costs Rs 417.82 per 14.2-kg cylinder in Delhi.
Also, the price of non-subsidised kerosene, available outside the ration shop, has been hiked to Rs 43,181.56 per kl or Rs 43.18 per litre, from Rs 42,643.09 per kl.
Subsidised kerosene currently costs Rs 14.96 a litre in Delhi.
The three fuel retailers - Indian Oil, Hindustan Petroleum and Bharat Petroleum - revise jet fuel prices, non- subsidised LPG and non-subsidised kerosene rates on the first day of every month, based on the average international price in the preceding month.
ATF or jet fuel price was on Thursday hiked by 5.5 per cent on global trends while rates of non-subsidised cooking gas LPG were cut by Rs 42 per cylinder.
Also, rates of non-subsidised kerosene were increased by Rs 54 paisa to Rs 43.18 per litre.
Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) price in Delhi was raised by Rs 2245.92 per kilolitre (kl), or 5.48 per cent, to Rs 43,184.16 per kl, oil companies announced on Thursday.
The hike comes after a steep 11.7 per cent or Rs 5,469.12 per kl cut in rates to Rs 40,938.24 per kl effected from September 1, the third in straight monthly reduction. Prior to that jet fuel rate was cut by 9.4 per cent to Rs 46,407.36 on August 1 and by Rs 2,086.56 per kl to Rs 51,267.36 on July 1.
Rates vary at different airports because of differential local sales tax or value-added tax (VAT).
Jet fuel constitutes over 40 per cent of an airline's operating costs and the price increase will raise the financial burden on cash-strapped carriers.
No immediate comment was available from airlines on the impact of price reduction on passenger fares.
Simultaneously, the oil firms have also cut prices of non-subsidised LPG, which consumers buy after exhausting their quota of subsidised cooking fuel, by Rs 42 per 14.2-kg bottle.
Non-subsidised cooking gas (LPG) now costs Rs 517.50 in Delhi.
This is the fourth reduction in rates in as many months.
Non-subsidised LPG price was last cut by Rs 25.50 on September 1. Prior to that rates were cut by Rs 23.50 on August 1 and by Rs 18 per cylinder to Rs 608.50 on July 1.
Non-subsidised or market-priced LPG is one that consumers buy after exhausting their quota of 12 bottles of 14.2-kg each at subsidised rates in a year.
Subsidised LPG costs Rs 417.82 per 14.2-kg cylinder in Delhi.
Also, the price of non-subsidised kerosene, available outside the ration shop, has been hiked to Rs 43,181.56 per kl or Rs 43.18 per litre, from Rs 42,643.09 per kl.
Subsidised kerosene currently costs Rs 14.96 a litre in Delhi.
The three fuel retailers - Indian Oil, Hindustan Petroleum and Bharat Petroleum - revise jet fuel prices, non- subsidised LPG and non-subsidised kerosene rates on the first day of every month, based on the average international price in the preceding month.
General Awareness
Indian Constitution Part – I
Indian Constitution : Articles and Parts
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Indian Constitution when adopted by Constituent Assembly in 1949 had 395 articles and 22 parts.Additional articles and parts are inserted through various amendments. As of now Indian constitution contains 448 articles in 25 parts.There are 12 schedules in the Indian constitution.
The Constitution of India begins with a Preamble which specifies the feature of the Indian State and the objectives it is committed to secure.The constitution of India is the largest written constitution.Indian constitution makes the government system work.
- Indian Constitution when adopted by Constituent Assembly in 1949 had 395 articles and 22 parts.Additional articles and parts are inserted through various amendments. As of now Indian constitution contains 448 articles in 25 parts.There are 12 schedules in the Indian constitution.The Constitution of India begins with a Preamble which specifies the feature of the Indian State and the objectives it is committed to secure.The constitution of India is the largest written constitution.Indian constitution makes the government system work.
PARTS OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION
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Part Subject Articles Part I The union & Its Territory Article 1 – 4 Part II Citizenship Article 5 – 11 Part III Fundamental Rights Article 12 – 35 Part IV Directive Principles Article 36 – 51 Part IVA Fundamental Duties Article 51A Part V The Union Article 52 – 151 Part VI The States Article 152 – 237 Part VII The States In Part B of the First Schedule Repealed By Constitution (7th Amendment) Act .1956 Part VIII The Union Territories Article 239 – 242 Part IX The Panchayats Article 243 – 243O Part IXA The Municipalities Article 243 P – 243ZG Part X The Scheduled and Tribal Areas Article 244 – 244A Part XI Relations between the Union And The States Article 245 – 263 Part XII Finance,Property,Contracts and Suits Article 264 – 300A Part XIII Trade , Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory Of India Article 301 – 307 Part XIV Service Under the Union and the States Article 308 – 323 Part XIVA Tribunals Article 323A – 323B Part XV Elections Article 324 – 329(329A -Repealed) Part XVI Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes Article 330 – 342 Part XVII Official Language Article 343 – 351 Part XVIII Emergency provisions Article 352-360(359A-Repealed) Part XIX Miscellaneous Article 361 – 367 (362-Repealed) Part XX Amendment of the Constitution Article 368 Part XXI Temporary Transitional and Special Provisions Article 369 – 392(379-391 Repealed) Part XXII Short Title,Commencement,Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals Article 393 – 395
Part Subject Articles Part I The union & Its Territory Article 1 – 4 Part II Citizenship Article 5 – 11 Part III Fundamental Rights Article 12 – 35 Part IV Directive Principles Article 36 – 51 Part IVA Fundamental Duties Article 51A Part V The Union Article 52 – 151 Part VI The States Article 152 – 237 Part VII The States In Part B of the First Schedule Repealed By Constitution (7th Amendment) Act .1956 Part VIII The Union Territories Article 239 – 242 Part IX The Panchayats Article 243 – 243O Part IXA The Municipalities Article 243 P – 243ZG Part X The Scheduled and Tribal Areas Article 244 – 244A Part XI Relations between the Union And The States Article 245 – 263 Part XII Finance,Property,Contracts and Suits Article 264 – 300A Part XIII Trade , Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory Of India Article 301 – 307 Part XIV Service Under the Union and the States Article 308 – 323 Part XIVA Tribunals Article 323A – 323B Part XV Elections Article 324 – 329(329A -Repealed) Part XVI Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes Article 330 – 342 Part XVII Official Language Article 343 – 351 Part XVIII Emergency provisions Article 352-360(359A-Repealed) Part XIX Miscellaneous Article 361 – 367 (362-Repealed) Part XX Amendment of the Constitution Article 368 Part XXI Temporary Transitional and Special Provisions Article 369 – 392(379-391 Repealed) Part XXII Short Title,Commencement,Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals Article 393 – 395
ARTICLES OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION
Part I : The union & Its Territory ( Article 1- 4 )
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Article Importance 1 Name and territory of the Union 2 Admission or establishment of new States 2A Repealed 3 Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States 4 Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters
Article Importance 1 Name and territory of the Union 2 Admission or establishment of new States 2A Repealed 3 Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States 4 Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters
Part II :Citizenship ( Article 5 – 11)
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Article Importance 5 Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution 6 Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan 7 Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan. 8 Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India 9 Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens. 10 Continuance of the rights of citizenship. 11 Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.
Article Importance 5 Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution 6 Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan 7 Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan. 8 Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India 9 Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens. 10 Continuance of the rights of citizenship. 11 Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.
Part III : Fundamental Rights ( Article 12 – 35 )
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Article Importance
General
12 Definition. 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
Right to Equality
14 Equality before law. 15 Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth 16 Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. 17 Abolition of Untouchability 18 Abolition of titles
Right to Freedom
19 Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc. 20 Protection in respect of conviction for offences. 21 Protection of life and personal liberty. 21 A Right to education 22 Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
Right against Exploitation
23 Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour. 24 Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc
Right to Freedom of Religion
25 Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion. 26 Freedom to manage religious affairs 27 Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion. 28 Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.
Cultural and Educational Rights
29 Protection of interests of minorities. 30 Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions 31 Repealed
Saving of Certain Laws
31A Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc. 31B Validation of certain Acts and Regulations 31C Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles 31D Repealed
Right to Constitutional Remedies
32 Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part 32A Repealed 33 Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc 34 Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area 35 Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.
Article Importance General12 Definition. 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights Right to Equality14 Equality before law. 15 Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth 16 Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. 17 Abolition of Untouchability 18 Abolition of titles Right to Freedom19 Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc. 20 Protection in respect of conviction for offences. 21 Protection of life and personal liberty. 21 A Right to education 22 Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases Right against Exploitation23 Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour. 24 Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc Right to Freedom of Religion25 Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion. 26 Freedom to manage religious affairs 27 Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion. 28 Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions. Cultural and Educational Rights29 Protection of interests of minorities. 30 Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions 31 Repealed Saving of Certain Laws31A Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc. 31B Validation of certain Acts and Regulations 31C Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles 31D Repealed Right to Constitutional Remedies32 Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part 32A Repealed 33 Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc 34 Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area 35 Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.
Part IV : Directive Principles ( Article 36-51 )
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Article Importance 36 Definition 37 Application of the principles contained in this Part. 38 State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people 39 Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State. 39A Equal justice and free legal aid 40 Organisation of village panchayats 41 Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases 42 Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. 43 Living wage, etc., for workers. 43A Participation of workers in management of industries. 44 Uniform civil code for the citizens. 45 Provision for free and compulsory education for children. 46 Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections 47 Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health 48 Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry. 48A Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife. 49 Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance. 50 Separation of judiciary from executive 51 Promotion of international peace and security.
Article Importance 36 Definition 37 Application of the principles contained in this Part. 38 State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people 39 Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State. 39A Equal justice and free legal aid 40 Organisation of village panchayats 41 Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases 42 Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. 43 Living wage, etc., for workers. 43A Participation of workers in management of industries. 44 Uniform civil code for the citizens. 45 Provision for free and compulsory education for children. 46 Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections 47 Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health 48 Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry. 48A Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife. 49 Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance. 50 Separation of judiciary from executive 51 Promotion of international peace and security.
Part IVA : Fundamental Duties (Article 51A )
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Article Importance 51A Fundamental duties
Article Importance 51A Fundamental duties
Part V : The Union (Article 52 -151)
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Article Importance
Article Importance
Chapter : I The Executive
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The President and Vice-President 52 The President of India 53 Executive power of the Union. 54 Election of President. 55 Manner of election of President 56 Term of office of President. 57 Eligibility for re-election. 58 Qualifications for election as President. 59 Conditions of President’s office. 60 Oath or affirmation by the President. 61 Procedure for impeachment of the President. 62 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy 63 The Vice-President of India 64 The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States. 65 The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President 66 Election of Vice-President 67 Term of office of Vice-President 68 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy 69 Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President 70 Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies 71 Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President. 72 Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases. 73 Extent of executive power of the Union. Council of Ministers 74 Council of Ministers to aid and advise President. 75 Other provisions as to Ministers. The Attorney-General for India 76 Attorney-General for India. Conduct of Government Business 77 Conduct of business of the Government of India. 78 Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc
The President and Vice-President 52 The President of India 53 Executive power of the Union. 54 Election of President. 55 Manner of election of President 56 Term of office of President. 57 Eligibility for re-election. 58 Qualifications for election as President. 59 Conditions of President’s office. 60 Oath or affirmation by the President. 61 Procedure for impeachment of the President. 62 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy 63 The Vice-President of India 64 The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States. 65 The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President 66 Election of Vice-President 67 Term of office of Vice-President 68 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy 69 Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President 70 Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies 71 Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President. 72 Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases. 73 Extent of executive power of the Union. Council of Ministers 74 Council of Ministers to aid and advise President. 75 Other provisions as to Ministers. The Attorney-General for India 76 Attorney-General for India. Conduct of Government Business 77 Conduct of business of the Government of India. 78 Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc
Chapter II : Parliament
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General 79 Constitution of Parliament 80 Composition of the Council of States 81 Composition of the House of the People. 82 Readjustment after each census 83 Duration of Houses of Parliament. 84 Qualification for membership of Parliament. 85 Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution. 86 Right of President to address and send messages to Houses 87 Special address by the President 88 Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses Officers of Parliament 89 The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States. 90 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman. 91 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman. 92 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration 93 The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People 94 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker. 95 Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker 96 The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration. 97 Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker 98 Secretariat of Parliament Conduct of Business 99 Oath or affirmation by members 100 Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum. Disqualifications of Members 101 Vacation of seats. 102 Disqualifications for membership. 103 Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members. 104 Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified. Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members 105 Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof. 106. Salaries and allowances of members Legislative Procedure 107 Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills. 108 Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases. 109 Special procedure in respect of Money Bills. 110 Definition of “Money Bills” 111 Assent to Bills. Procedure in Financial Matters 112 Annual financial statement. 113 Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates. 114 Appropriation Bills. 115 Supplementary, additional or excess grants. 116 Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. 117 Special provisions as to financial Bills. Procedure Generally 118 Rules of procedure 119 Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business. 120 Language to be used in Parliament. 121 Restriction on discussion in Parliament. 122 Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.
General 79 Constitution of Parliament 80 Composition of the Council of States 81 Composition of the House of the People. 82 Readjustment after each census 83 Duration of Houses of Parliament. 84 Qualification for membership of Parliament. 85 Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution. 86 Right of President to address and send messages to Houses 87 Special address by the President 88 Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses Officers of Parliament 89 The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States. 90 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman. 91 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman. 92 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration 93 The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People 94 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker. 95 Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker 96 The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration. 97 Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker 98 Secretariat of Parliament Conduct of Business 99 Oath or affirmation by members 100 Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum. Disqualifications of Members 101 Vacation of seats. 102 Disqualifications for membership. 103 Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members. 104 Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified. Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members 105 Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof. 106. Salaries and allowances of members Legislative Procedure 107 Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills. 108 Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases. 109 Special procedure in respect of Money Bills. 110 Definition of “Money Bills” 111 Assent to Bills. Procedure in Financial Matters 112 Annual financial statement. 113 Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates. 114 Appropriation Bills. 115 Supplementary, additional or excess grants. 116 Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. 117 Special provisions as to financial Bills. Procedure Generally 118 Rules of procedure 119 Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business. 120 Language to be used in Parliament. 121 Restriction on discussion in Parliament. 122 Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.
Chapter III : Legislative Powers Of The President
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123 Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament.
123 Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament.
Chapter IV : The Union Judiciary
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124 Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court. 125 Salaries, etc., of Judges 126 Appointment of acting Chief Justice. 127 Appointment of ad hoc judges. 128 Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court. 129. Supreme Court to be a court of record 130 Seat of Supreme Court 131 Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court 131A Repealed 132 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases 133. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to Civil matters 134 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters 134A Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court. 135 Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court. 136 Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court. 137 Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court. 138 Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. 139 Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs. 139A Transfer of certain cases. 140 Ancillary powers of Supreme Court. 141 Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts. 142 Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc. 143 Power of President to consult Supreme Court. 144 Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court. 144A Repealed 145 Rules of Court, etc. 146 Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court. 147 Interpretation
124 Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court. 125 Salaries, etc., of Judges 126 Appointment of acting Chief Justice. 127 Appointment of ad hoc judges. 128 Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court. 129. Supreme Court to be a court of record 130 Seat of Supreme Court 131 Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court 131A Repealed 132 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases 133. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to Civil matters 134 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters 134A Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court. 135 Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court. 136 Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court. 137 Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court. 138 Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. 139 Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs. 139A Transfer of certain cases. 140 Ancillary powers of Supreme Court. 141 Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts. 142 Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc. 143 Power of President to consult Supreme Court. 144 Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court. 144A Repealed 145 Rules of Court, etc. 146 Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court. 147 Interpretation
Chapter V : Comptroller And Auditor-General Of India
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148 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. 149 Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General 150 Form of accounts of the Union and of the States 151 Audit reports.
148 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. 149 Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General 150 Form of accounts of the Union and of the States 151 Audit reports.
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