Current Affairs - 28 September 2016

General Affairs 

Pakistan Isolated. After India, More Nations Pull Out Of SAARC Summit

• NEW DELHI:  After India said Prime Minister Narendra Modi will not travel to Pakistan for the regional SAARC summit in November, three other members - Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Bhutan - have also decided to pull out of the meet.
  
  Sources said that in its communication to the current chair of SAARC or South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Bangladesh has said, "The growing interference in the internal affairs of Bangladesh by one country has created an environment which is not conducive to the successful hosting of the 19th SAARC Summit in Islamabad in November 2016."
  
  It adds, "Bangladesh, as the initiator of the SAARC process, remains steadfast in its commitment to regional cooperation, connectivity and contacts but believes that these can only go forward in a more congenial atmosphere. In view of the above, Bangladesh is unable to participate in the proposed Summit in Islamabad."
  

  Sources said that Bhutan also raised concern over "the recent escalation of terrorism in the region" in its communication to the SAARC chair.
  
  The communique read, "the Royal Government of Bhutan shares the concerns of some of the member countries of SAARC on the deterioration of regional peace and security due to terrorism and joins them in conveying our inability to participate in the SAARC Summit, under the current circumstances."
  
  Sources said Afghanistan has cited similar reasons for pulling out of the summit, which cannot take place even if one country withdraws.
  

  The Indian government has blamed "cross-border terror attacks" for creating an environment that is "not conducive" for the meeting of the eight-nation group. Its decision not to attend the summit is so far the biggest in India's global campaign to isolate Pakistan after four terrorists crossed the border into Kashmir and attacked an army base in Uri. 18 soldiers were killed.
  
  In recent days, PM Modi has made a series of other moves to penalise Pakistan. He has reviewed the crucial Indus Waters Treaty, which divides resources from six rivers between India and Pakistan, saying "blood and water can't flow together," as officials said that India will now utilise much more of its share of water, which will eat into the surplus that Pakistan had been availing.   
  
  Pakistan's Sartaj Aziz, who functions as Foreign Minister, said that if India pulls out of the treaty, it will amount to "an act of war" and Islamabad has moved the International Court of Justice.   
  
  PM Modi has also called for a deliberation on Thursday on whether to downgrade Pakistan's status as a trading partner.
  
  As thousands of residents of the Kashmir Valley clashed with security forces on a daily basis for over a month, Pakistan lionised Hizbul terrorist Burhan Wani as a martyr and as a leader, and, according to India, funded and incited the unrest.
  
  At the United Nations General Assembly in New York on Monday, Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj warned Pakistan, "Let me state unequivocally that Jammu and Kashmir is an integral part of India and will always remain so."
  

Uri Attack: Arvind Kejriwal Demands Rs. 1 Crore Relief For Soldiers' Families

• NEW DELHI:  Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal on Tuesday criticised the centre's "inaction" against the perpetrators of the Uri terror attack and appealed to the Prime Minister to announce a compensation of Rs. 1 crore each for the families of the soldiers.
  
  He said the compensation policy for the families of soldiers residing in Delhi should be replicated by the centre and implemented across the country, beginning with the victims of the recent terror strike at Jammu and Kashmir's Uri.
  

  "There is rage and gloom across the country over the Uri attack. It is understandable when our enemy neighbour attacks us. But, are we that weak so as to keep quiet after every such attack?
  
  "I am not saying there should be a war as it is not the solution. There are 100 other ways to give a befitting reply (to Pakistan). The silence pains me and it would be a betrayal with the freedom fighters if we do nothing," Mr Kejriwal said.
  
  

  
  The AAP national convenor was addressing the gathering at the 110th birth anniversary celebrations of Bhagat Singh, organised by the Delhi government at Talkatora Stadium here. Deputy Chief Minister Manish Sisodia and Labour Minister Gopal Rai were also present on the occasion.
  
  "Del Govt gives Rs. 1 cr "samman rashi" to family of any soldier who is resident of Del n who dies in any operation. Today, on Bhagat Singh's birth anniversary, I urge PM to announce this scheme 4 all soldiers 4 whole country n make a eginning wid Uri (sic)," Mr Kejriwal later wrote on Twitter.

For Tourism, We Welcome People From Pakistan, Says Minister Mahesh Sharma

• NEW DELHI:  Amid rising tension between India and Pakistan in the aftermath of the Uri terror attack, Union minister Mahesh Sharma today extended invitation to tourist from all countries, including those from Pakistan.
  
  Speaking on the sidelines of a programme to mark the World Tourism Day today, he said India is a diverse country and welcomes tourists from across the globe in the spirit of 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' (the world is one family).
  
  "For tourism, we welcome people from there (Pakistan)," he said when asked about the impact of souring India-Pakistan relations on the tourism sector.
  
  On reports of India considering a review of 'Most Favoured Nation' status given to Pakistan, he said, the call has to be taken by the External Affairs Ministry which "issues advisory from time to time" on such issues.
  
  He was speaking to reporters after presenting various awards, including for a painting competition organised by India Tourism.
  
  He said people's faith and perception about India has improved as is evident among others things in higher Foreign Direct Investment at a time the world struggles with economic sluggishness and witnesses bouts of terrorist activities.
  
  He said the country has "proved itself" as "Incredible India" with increasing foreign footfalls at various tourism destinations in the country.
  
  

  
  Mr Sharma said India will offer tourists a "swachh (clean), and safe tourism experience and welcome them in the spirit of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam".
  
  Stressing "tourism is for all", he said his ministry will make all tourist destinations "divyang-friendly (friendly for differently-abled people)" by introducing facilities like ramps in the coming months.
  
  The minister also flagged off a sightseeing tour for 'Divyang' children. Thirty five students from class II-VI of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya School for Divyang Children, Minto Road, New Delhi, are part of this sightseeing tour.
  
  Theme for 2016 World Tourism Day is: 'Tourism for All!! - Promoting Universal Accessibility'.
  
  Tourism Secretary Vinod Zutshi said, "On this year's World Tourism Day help us spread the word of both importance and immense benefits universal accessibility has and can bring to society at large."
  
  Later in the day, the minister also flagged off 'Swachh Paryatan Run' from Transport Bhawan, where Tourism Ministry is housed, to India Gate.

Nitish Kumar Waives Tax On Export, Bottling Of Indian-Made Foreign Liquor

• PATNA:  The Nitish Kumar cabinet today waived tax on export and bottling fee on Indian Made Foreign Liquor and beer manufactured in the state to help the industry find better market outside Bihar, a dry state.
  
  Such a proposal of Excise and Prohibition department was approved at a meeting of state cabinet chaired by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar.
  

  Briefing about cabinet meeting, Principal Secretary of Cabinet Coordination Department Brajesh Mehrotra said consumption and trade of liquor are prohibited in the state but there is no ban on manufacturing and bottling.
  
  The decision would help people involved in liquor manufacturing in the state find better market for export of IMFL and beer in other states, he said.
  
  In another major decision, the Cabinet doubled the assistance to war veterans of World War II and to their wives after their death to Rs. 10,000 per month from Rs. 5000 every month earlier, Mr Mehrotra added.
  
  

  
  There are 61 such beneficiaries in the state.
  
  The Cabinet also approved a proposal to enhance water cess for industrial, commercial and municipal usage to Rs. 18 per thousand gallon from current Rs. 4.50 per thousand gallon.
  
  In another decision, the Cabinet okayed a proposal of Land and Revenue department to permit use of government and departmental land for implementation of a scheme to supply piped water to every household. The scheme, which was launched today, was a key component of the Chief Minister's seven resolves.  

Pakistan Goes To International Court Of Justice As India Hints At Indus Treaty Review

• NEW DELHI:  Pakistan on Tuesday approached the International Court of Justice amid reports that India is reviewing the Indus Waters Treaty, which regulates the flow of six rivers between the two countries.
  
  Senior Pakistani officials have also taken it up with the World Bank, which brokered the 1960 agreement between the neighbours.
  
  A delegation led by Pakistan's top lawyer, Attorney General Ashtar Ausaf Ali, met senior officials of the World Bank in Washington, said Geo News.
  

  Sartaz Aziz, the foreign policy adviser to Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, has said that if India revokes the treaty, it will be treated as "an act of war or a hostile act against Pakistan".
  
  "It's highly irresponsible on part of India to even consider revocation of the Indus Water Treaty," Mr Aziz told the national assembly on Tuesday.
  
  On Monday, Prime Minister Narendra Modi met top officials to review the treaty as India debates tough steps against Pakistan after the September 18 attack in Kashmir's Uri, in which 18 soldiers were killed. "Blood and water can't flow together," the PM said at that meeting.
  
  

  
  Sources say one retaliatory move being considered by the government is for India to "maximise" the use of water from the rivers that flow into Pakistan - Chenab, Jhelum and Indus. This will impact Pakistan as it depends on snow-fed Himalayan rivers for everything from drinking water to agriculture.
  
  Reports say Pakistan had asked India on August 19 to settle "outstanding disputes pertaining to India's construction of hydroelectric plants" on two of the rivers governed by it. 
  
  Pakistani officials, in their meeting at the World Bank, reportedly insisted on the early appointment of judges for a Court of Arbitration. Under the Indus treaty, the World Bank has an important role in establishing the Court of Arbitration by facilitating appointment of three judges, called Umpires, to the Court, while each country appoints two arbitrators. 
  
  The Indus Waters Treaty gives India rights to use the eastern rivers - Ravi, Chenab, and Beas - and Pakistan has rights over the western rivers.
  
  In a series of moves to isolate Pakistan, India has pulled out of the SAARC summit in Islamabad and PM Modi has also called for a deliberation on Thursday of whether to downgrade the country's status as a trading partner.

Business Affairs 

Russia to sign helicopter deal with India in 'near future'

• Russia is preparing to sign a joint venture agreement to build multi-task Kamov-226 helicopters in India soon, the state-owned manufacturer Russian Helicopter told Reuters.

  Russian President Vladimir Putin will travel to India in October for a bilateral meeting with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

  Russian Helicopters and state-owned arms exporter Rosoboronexport have been working with Indian state-run Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for months to establish a joint venture to build the helicopters in India, the company said in emailed comments to Reuters.

  "From our side, we are ready to sign the agreement in the near future," Russian Helicopters said. The company, which is a part of Russian state conglomerate Rostec, would not comment on the details or timings of the deal.

  "It is a very important project for us, as we offer to our partners not only licensed assembly, but also unique technology transfer in the helicopter-building industry."

  The Kamov-226 helicopters can be put to military and civilian use. The agreement will also allow Russia and India to create new aviation equipment for export to other countries, Russian Helicopters said.

  HAL did not respond to a request for comment. Rostec and Rosoboronexport declined to comment in response to Reuters questions about which deals would be signed during Putin's trip to India.

  A source close to the negotiations said there were currently no concrete plans to sign any weapon agreements in India in October.

  Delhi and Moscow announced plans to build Kamov helicopters in India a year ago. India would produce 140 of the helicopters and Russia the remaining 60, sources said. 

Telcos chalk out strategies for India's largest spectrum auction

• The largest telecom spectrum auction is about to begin. The airwaves on sale - 2354.55 megahertz (MHz) - are the highest that the government has sold in the telecom auction process that started in 2010.  The government aims to raise some Rs 5.66 lakh crore from auctions which will kick off on October 1. Spectrum across all bands - 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2300 MHz and 2500 MHz - will be up for sale. For the first time, 700 MHz, the most efficient band to provide 4G services, is on the block.

  The existing players - Bharti Airtel, Vodafone India and Idea Cellular - are feeling the heat after Reliance Jio's 4G launch. Jio has to ensure excellent service quality so that people can migrate to its network. It means that Jio might acquire more spectrum and fill gaps in its network. It is already battling resistance from existing operators in releasing sufficient interconnect facility, leading to high call failures for Jio customers making calls to other networks. But as a telecom analyst points out that the telecom sector is about spectrum and interconnection. The upcoming auctions, therefore, will be a defining period for every telecom operator. Here's a rundown of the possible game plan of different operators.

  1. Bharti Airtel - The largest telecom operator with over 255 million wireless subscribers, Airtel has plenty more at stake than any other player. Over the past one year, it has acquired 4G spectrum (inorganically) from Aircel (in seven circles), Videocon Telecom (in six circles), and Augere (one circle). With this, the telco has 1800 MHz in 22 circles and 2300 MHz in 17 circles, which means that it has a pan-India 4G presence. Besides, it has 3G spectrum in 21 circles. Bharti has enough spectrum to sit quietly through the auctions but it can ill-afford to ignore the moves of others, especially Jio. According to reports, Jio has deposited Rs 6,500 crore of EMD (earnest money deposit) in the upcoming auctions, the highest among all operators. Airtel, on the other hand, has deposited Rs 1,980 crore. EMD shows the level of interest of a telecom operator.

  A vast majority of analyst says that Airtel is likely to bid for 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz to further strengthen its 3G and 4G footprint. Telcos like Airtel have said that the reserve price for 700 MHz is prohibitive. But nothing can be ruled out. "Bharti…[has] the luxury of not needing spectrum. They can bid selectively this year and afford to sit out entirely. [It has] eye on the more attractive 700MHz band and hoping it is reauctioned next year at a lower reserve price," says a Bernstein report in April.

  2. Reliance Jio - The $22.56 billion start-up is busy acquiring customers. There are reports that Jio has crossed 10 million customers, fast inching towards its target of 100 million. Since the launch, Jio has upset the sector by offering free voice calls for lifetime. Its spectrum holding for 4G - 2300 MHz in 22 circles, 1800 MHz in 18 circles and 800 MHz in 18 circles (including sharing and trading pact with Reliance Communications) - is far more than other operators. That's because it is entirely focused on 4G technology, unlike others who offer 2G, 3G and 4G simultaneously.

  With a fast-growing customer base, Jio will need more spectrum to decongest its network, and provide seamless experience. It's expected that Jio will go for 700 MHz in order to improve its indoor coverage. Ever since Reliance Industries bought BWA spectrum (2300 MHz) in 2010, it has been acquiring more spectrum in lower frequencies (1800 MHz and 800 MHz) to improve its indoor coverage. With 700 MHz under its belt, Jio can take its lead to the next level. But it's entirely speculative.

  3. Vodafone India - Vodafone was in the news recently after the company announced that it has received the largest FDI (foreign direct investment) of Rs 47,700 crore from its parent Vodafone Group. The company said that the funds will be used to pay off debt (Rs 81,500 crore in 2015/16) and "right-sizing" its spectrum. Vodafone is in desperate need of spectrum to stay relevant in the market.

  Its 4G spectrum holding - in nine circles - puts the company in the weakest spot among other major operators. Analysts say that a substantial amount of the fresh equity infusion might go towards spectrum acquisition, especially in bands such as 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2300 MHz. The telco recently deposited Rs 2,740 crore EMD with department of telecom. Experts say that the paltry amount doesn't give enough flexibility to Vodafone to react to the strategy of other operators.
  
  4. Idea Cellular - The position of Idea Cellular is not much different from Vodafone. Idea, like Vodafone, was late to realize that the market is shifting towards 4G technology. It was betting big on 3G even at a time when there were clear signs of market moving towards 4G. As a result, the company missed the 4G bus. It today holds 4G spectrum in just 10 circles. The 3G presence is better but that doesn't make Idea an attractive choice for consumers who are keen on high-speed wireless broadband.

  Idea can still make up for its mistakes by gobbling up 4G spectrum in auctions. It's likely that Idea will buy spectrum in 1800 MHz and 2300 MHz bands to build a decent 4G presence and retain its customers with a mix of 4G and 3G service offerings. Smaller players have already been acquired or merged with larger entities; the current auction may just be the only hope for Idea to beef up its spectrum holding.

Reliance Jio call drops due to its under-preparedness: Bharti Airtel

• Bharti Airtel on Tuesday blamed Reliance Jio itself for network connectivity issues and call failures, saying they are due to Jio's own "under-preparedness", insufficient testing efforts and acquiring a large number of customers at the pre-launch stage itself.

  In a letter to Reliance Jio, Airtel said: "While RJIO has continued to allege huge call failure on account of insufficient number of PoIs (points of interconnect), however, we believe that the prime reason for such call failures was on account of acquisition of a large number of subscribers by RJIO even before the declaration of the commercial launch."     

  The letter, sent on Monday, goes on to say that augmentation of POIs based on actual traffic, necessitates a reciprocal action from the other party also.

  "It is important to note, that despite our best efforts, the POIs are still in the process of augmentation due to issues at your end," Airtel said.

  
  Airtel said that despite the prompt and colossal effort on its part, as on date, only 2,484 E1s (interconnect ports) are live out of a total capacity of 3,048 provided, primarily due to various reasons for delay "attributable solely to RJIO's under-preparedness and insufficient testing teams and efforts".

  It added: "Even these capacities could be augmented with great persuasion by Airtel teams. During the augmentation exercise, your circles had cited issues with regard to Acceptance Testing, transmission media related concerns and hence the augmentation process took much longer and even till date the complete POIs have not been augmented due to unpreparedness of your teams."

  The issues continue to impede the augmentation process, it said, pointing out further that its request to Jio to adopt immediate measures to balance the skewed traffic still remains unaddressed.

  "Currently, 89 per cent of traffic originating from RJIO network is being terminated into Airtel network and is thereby creating asymmetry in traffic. This is a serious concern for us due to the below cost termination charge regime, every extra minute terminated by RJIO in our network, is causing a huge financial loss to Airtel," it added.

  Reliance Jio, which has commercially launched its 4G services, has accused dominant incumbent operators, including Airtel, Vodafone and Idea of providing far less than adequate PoIs needed for its users to complete a call to a rival network, while the operators have charged the new entrant of unleashing a "tsunami" of free traffic on their networks.

  Telecom regulator Trai, which had asked the operators to submit their network congestion details from September 15-19, 2016, to examine the congestion issue, yesterday decided to issue showcause notices on erring operators for call drops far exceeding the norm. 

Soon Indian Railways will join billion-dollar cargo club, says Suresh Prabhu

• Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu on Tuesday exuded confidence that the national transporter will soon join the billion-dollar cargo club as it is on course to ferry 1.2 billion tonne of cargo.

  "Railways is targetting to carry 1.2 billion tonne of cargo this year and will be join the billion-dollar cargo club soon, which has only five countries," Pradhu said at the SBI Economic Conclave today.

  The Minister said this is despite that decades of underinvestment in improving capacity. "From 90 per cent of Railways' finances coming in from freight, it has been coming down steadily over the past 60 years," he said.

  Even today, the Railways earns more than 70 per cent of its incomes from freight, around 20 per cent from ticketing and the rest from rentals.

  As per the Rail Budget 2016, the freight revenue of the railways hit a five-year low in 2015-16. Revenue in 2015-16 increased 4.6 per cent, much lower than the 10-19 per cent growth it had registered in the previous four fiscal years.

  Freight volume rose just 0.6 per cent for the year, compared with 4-5 per cent growth in the previous four fiscal years, thanks to the subdued economic activity.

  The passenger business didn't do well either. Passenger bookings fell 0.9 per cent and while revenue form this side grew 5.9 per cent in the year.

  Stating that he is working on to reverse the decades of underinvestment in the rail freight infra side, the minister said since he assumed office, the Railways has undertaken as many as 104 reforms.

  Noting that more than two-thirds of the revenue comes from freight, of which 50 per cent come from coal, he said there is an urgent need to "diversify the freight basket, and reduce the reliance on coal."

  Listing some of the reforms he has initiated on this front, he said he has "reduced the freight rates on many items, and have also done away with port congestion and handling charges. We are working towards a completely market friendly approach towards freight. Freight share cannot be increased without being market oriented."

  Admitting that many rail projects are stuck mostly for want of funds, he said a whopping "Rs 6.5 lakh crore worth of railway projects languishing. We are working to significantly improve this, and by 2020 I hope to end the waiting for capacity augmentation. I hope to reduce congestion and significantly increase capital expenditure."

  Promising more transparency in the functioning of the railways, he siad he is also looking at bringing in more accountability and transparency to the system.

  "In the next few months, we are working towards bringing paperless contracts. The Railways is working to put everything into public domain to ensure accountability."

'Number of women on boards in India doubled over past 6 years'

• The number of women on boards in India has doubled over the past six years to 11.2 per cent in 2015, from 5.5 per cent in 2010, says a Credit Suisse report.

  According to the Credit Suisse Research Institute's bi-annual CS Gender 3000 report, the Asia-Pacific has shown significant progress in gender diversity and India has closed the gap with a global average of 14.7 per cent.

  While there is evident of progress in female representation at the board of directors level, this positive trend does not carry over to the participation of women in senior management.

  "India saw a slight decline in management diversity, from 7.8 per cent in 2014 to 7.2 per cent," the report said.

  Moreover, India is the second-lowest in the region in terms of female representation at a senior management level, behind Japan and South Korea (both at 2.3 per cent).

  Globally, boardroom diversity has increased from 12.7 per cent at the end of 2013 to 14.7 per cent at year-end 2015.

  The top 5 countries with the highest percentage of women represented on corporate boards are Norway (46.7 per cent), France (34 per cent), Sweden (33.6 per cent), Italy (30.8 per cent) and Finland (30.8 per cent).

  Among the 12 Asia-Pacific countries surveyed, Australia has the highest representation of women in the boardroom (20.1 per cent).

  The Credit Suisse Research Institute has mapped 27,000 senior managers at over 3,000 largest companies globally.

  The report noted that companies with greater boardroom diversity continues to be rewarded with excess returns.

  "Of the 265 Asia-Pacific companies with over USD 10 billion market capitalisation, those with at least one female board member delivered 58 per cent outperformance in share prices from 2006 to July 2016," the report noted.

  Meanwhile, Emerging Asia (China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand) also saw higher levels of gender diversity in finance and strategy roles compared with the 2014 results.

  Women make up 14.1 per cent of CFOs globally, with Emerging Asia -- China in particular -- leading with a 22 per cent female representation, the report said.

  The report debunked the Queen Bee syndrome, which argues that women who have made it to senior positions actively seek to exclude other women from promotions into top management.

  As per the report, female CEOs globally are more likely to surround themselves with other women in senior roles.

  Female CEOs are 50 per cent more likely than male CEOs to have a female CFO and 55 per cent more likely to have women running business units.

General Awareness

List of waterfalls in the World

• 
  

  Dear Readers & Aspirants

  We have collected some important waterfalls in the world. Now-a-days GA questions are asking from various section in different views. We hope, it will help you in Competitive exams.

  
  

  Name of the Waterfall	Name of the city	Name of the Country
  Alamere Falls	California	USA
  Alfred Creek Falls	British Columbia	Canada
  Angel Falls	Canaima National Park, Bolívar	Venezuela
  Augrabies Falls	Orange River	South Africa
  Avalanche Basin Falls	Montana	United States
  Baatara gorge waterfall	Tannourine	Lebanon
  Balaifossen	Hordaland	Norway
  Ban Gioc – Detian Falls	Guangxi	China
  Barron Falls	Queensland	Australia
  Blue Nile Falls	Ethiopian platea	Ethiopia
  Browne Falls	South Island	New Zealand
  Brufossen	Hordaland	Norway
  Cascades de Trou de Fer	Cirque de Salazie, Reunion	France
  Chamberlain Falls	South Island	New Zealand
  Colonial Creek Falls	Washington	United States
  Comet Falls	Washington.	USA
  Dettifoss	Vatnajökull National Park	Iceland
  Dontefossen	Møre og Romsdal	Norway
  Engstligen Falls	Adelboden	Switzerland.
  Feather Falls	California	USA
  Gavarnie Falls	Gavarnie	France
  Gocta Cataracts	Amazonas	Peru
  Gullfoss	Gullfossi	Iceland
  Haloku Falls	Hawaii	United States
  Harrison Basin Falls	Montana	United States
  Helmcken Falls	Columbia	Canada
  Huangguoshu Waterfall	Guizhou	China
  Iguazu Falls	Misiones Province	Argentina
  James Bruce Falls	British Columbia	Canada
  Johannesburg Falls	Washington	United States
  Kaieteur Falls	Essequibo	Guyana
  Kalambo Falls	–	Zambia Tanzania border
  Kjelfossen	Sogn og Fjordane	Norway
  Kjeragfossen	Rogaland	Norway
  Kukenaam, Salto	Bolívar	Venezuela
  Lake Unknown Falls	South Island	New Zealand
  Mana’wai’nui Falls	Hawaii	United States
  Mongefossen	Møre og Romsdal	Norway
  Mutarazi Falls	Manicaland	Zimbabwe
  Nachi Falls	Nachikatsuura	Japan
  Olmaafossen	Møre og Romsdal	Norway
  Olo’upena Falls	Molokai, Hawaii	United States
  Ouzoud Waterfalls	Marrakech	Morocco.
  Pu’uka’oku Falls	Hawaii	United States
  Ramnefjellsfossen	Sogn og Fjordane	Norway
  Seven Sisters Waterfall	Møre og Romsdal	Norway
  Spirefossen	Sogn og Fjordane	Norway
  Strupenfossen	Sogn og Fjordane	Norway
  Sulphide Creek Falls	California	USA
  Sutherland Falls	Fiordland National Park	New Zealand
  Tres Hermanas Falls	Otishi National Park, Junin	Peru
  Triberg Falls	Triberg	Germany
  Tugela Falls	KwaZulu-Natal	South Africa
  Vettisfossen	Ardal	Norway
  Victoria Falls	Zambezi River	Zimbabwe
  Vinnufossen	More og Romsdal	Norway
  Waihilau Falls	Hawaii	United States
  Wallaman Falls	Queensland	Australia
  Yosemite Falls	California	United States
  Yumbilla Falls	Amazonas	Peru
  Yutaj, Salto	Amazonas	Venezuela