Current Affairs - 1 October 2016

General Affairs 

Residents Flee Border Towns In Jammu As Surgical Strikes Spark Fear

• JAMMU:  There is fear at the international border in Jammu after the surgical strikes by India inside Pakistan-occupied Kashmir or PoK.
  
  Anxious people are fleeing their homes which are directly in the line of Pakistani fire and moving to migrant camps. Nights are critical - that is the time when the shelling and firing is the most intense.
  
  In Samba sector, it is a long, fearful night along the India-Pakistan border - people fleeing from their homes spent the night in a temple complex.
  
  

  "We told them to move to safer areas, to the homes of their relatives, but if there is a problem for them to find accommodation, then we will make arrangements for them, we have established four camps," said Narayan Dutt Sharma, Sub District Magistrate.
  At the makeshift migrant camp, people huddled together. It was a backbreaking journey of many hours for Gudi Devi who lives in a village called Chilyari at the international border. The 50-year-old is worried about the safety of her family members who chose to stay back home.
  
  "We came from the border village of Chichwak into this temple, there is a fear of shelling and firing, that's why we came here, people from other villages have come here as well," said Gudi Devi, a Border Migrant.
  
  After India conducted surgical strikes in PoK, there is tension at the international border - Jammu has a 200 kilometre international border with many areas vulnerable to strikes due to their proximity with Pakistan. So far, over 20,000 people moved out from the international on Thursday night. The question on everbody's minds is the same: when will the guns fall silent and when will they return to a peaceful, normal life.

SAARC Summit Can't Take Place If Even One Member Pulls Out: Nepal

• KATHMANDU:  Nepal, the present chair of the SAARC, said today that the summit of the South Asian regional grouping cannot take place if even one member country notifies its inability to participate in the event.
  
  In a statement after India, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan pulled out from the 19th SAARC Summit that was scheduled to be held in Islamabad, Nepal said it is clear that the summit cannot take place even if one member notifies of its inability to attend the event.
  
  The Foreign Ministry of Nepal's remarks came in the wake of various ambiguous media reports about the upcoming summit.
  

  Earlier, in its first statement, the ministry had urged all the member countries to create an environment conducive for the summit by ensuring their participation.
  
  It also said that indefinite postponement of the summit would not be in the interest of any country and that Nepal expected the host nation would take necessary initiatives to hold the regional meet.
  
  "As a Chair of the SAARC, Nepal is ready to play its role. And, as a Chair, Nepal has already urged the member states to create conducive environment to hold the event as soon as possible," the Foreign Ministry said.

Give Names Of Officials Who Are No Cooperating: Supreme Court To AAP Government

• NEW DELHI:  The Supreme Court today took strong exception of Delhi Health Minister Satyendra Jain's allegation that officials were not cooperating and taking responsibility to check vector-borne disease like dengue and chikungunya in the national capital and asked him to give names and evidence of those officials by October 3.
  
  "You have made a serious allegation in your affidavit. Who are the officials disobeying you? People in Delhi are suffering from dengue and chikungunya. You cannot treat them like this," a bench headed by Justices MB Lokur said.
  
  An affidavit filed by Satyendra Jain in response to notices issued to Delhi government on a PIL which was taken suo motu cognisance of by the top court said officials have not been cooperating to curb the diseases.
  
  Mr Jain, in the affidavit, has said that officials were not taking responsibility and all files pertaining to diseases like dengue and chikungunya were being sent to LG for clearance.
  
  On September 26, the top court had sought response from Delhi government on steps being taken to check vector-borne diseases dengue and chikungunya in the national capital.
  
  "Give the names and evidences of the officials who have been disobeying by Monday. It is a serious matter," the bench told the counsel appearing for Delhi government.
  

  
  The counsel sought some time to file the names and evidences and said he would file the names of officials who were not cooperating in a sealed cover.
  
  To this, the bench said "since you have made the allegation on affidavit, the names and evidences of officials should not be filed in sealed cover".
  
  Senior advocate Ajit Sinha appearing for Lieutenant Governor refuted the charge that officials were not cooperating to fight the diseases as alleged by the Delhi Health Minister.
  
  On September 26, centre told the top court that it was the duty of Delhi government to ensure that the national capital remained clean and free from diseases like chikungunya and dengue.
  
  The top court had sought response from Delhi government on a suo motu plea relating to the death of a 7-year-old boy in the city due to dengue after allegedly being denied treatment by five private hospitals and subsequent suicide by his parents.

GST, After Smooth Ride So Far, Hits A Road Bump At Council Meet

• NEW DELHI: Mega reform Goods and Services Tax, on a smooth run since it was unanimously approved by the Parliament last month, hit a road bump today at the second meeting of the GST council. Members did not agree on the minutes of the meeting and it was not adopted.
  
  The GST council is chaired by Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley and has as members finance ministers from states as well as some other union ministers. At today's meeting, the states and the Centre disagreed mainly on the key issue of sharing revenue from service tax collected from small traders whose revenue is less than Rs. 1.5 crore.
  
  States want a gradual handover of the process from the Centre while they build up administrative ability, but want to ensure they get their share of the revenue that the Centre will collect till then. The Central government gave up administrative control over the small traders as one of its concession to get states and the parties that rule them to support GST, a unified tax that replaces a raft of indirect taxes across the country.  
  
  The states were upset today at what they called the Centre's bias in minuting the meeting, alleging that it did reflect what had happened.
  
  At today's meeting, Arun Jaitley said, "the GST council approved five sets of draft rules on registration, payment, refund, returns and invoices." This paves the way for the network to start its work and for companies and other businesses to start their framework to make monthly payments for GST
  
  Mr Jaitley aims at rolling out GST from April 1, 2017, and the government has so far said it is on course to meet that ambitious deadline.
  
  The GST council's decisions are pivotal to the implementation of India's biggest ever tax reform. Among other things it will recommend the rate of GST, the main outstanding issue that political parties have failed to agree on even as they united to pass a constitutional amendment in the Parliament to give effect to the single tax. This meeting to decide the rates and slabs is slated to start from October 18.
  
  To meet its April deadline, the government will need to take the council's recommendations to the Parliament in the winter session that begins at the end of November.

BRICS Nations Pledge To Step Up Cooperation In Education Sector

• NEW DELHI:  The BRICS countries - Brazil, Russia, China, India and South Africa - today resolved to facilitate movement and exchange of students and faculty in each others institutions especially in areas like energy, climate change, water resources and economy.
  
  After a meeting of education ministers of the five countries, a 'New Delhi Declaration of Education' was issued today in which the nations decided to organise an annual conference of the BRICS Network University.
  
  The conference would be held in the country of the current BRICS chair, the declaration says.
  
  BRICS countries account for over half of the world population.
  
  Another key decision made today was to identify a nodal institution within each country and create an institutional network to share ICT policies, Open Educational Resources and other e-resources including e-libraries.
  
  At the conclusion of the BRICS conference, Minister of State for HRD Mahendra Nath Pandey thanked the visiting ministers for their support.
  
  In the declaration, the five countries also decided to strengthen the BRICS - TVET (Technical and vocational education and training) working group to develop national reports and undertake various studies.
  
  The BRICS countries also expressed commitment to work towards ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.

Business Affairs 

RBI changes timing of policy review announcement

• 
  

  The Reserve Bank has decided to change the timing of announcement of its policy review, due next Tuesday, to mid-afternoon.

  For long, the central bank has been unveiling the monetary policy at 11 am.

  "The resolution of MPC will be placed on the official website of RBI at 2.30 pm on October 4," the central bank said on its website, adding that MPC will be meeting on Monday and also Tuesday to take a call on rates.

  The announcement, which will come in during market hours itself, will be followed by a press conference to be addressed by new Governor Urjit Patel at 2.45 pm, it said.

  
  

  Under his predecessor Raghuram Rajan, the press meet had been starting at 11.10 am followed by a conference call with researchers and analysts in afternoon.

  When D Subbarao was at the helm, he addressed the press at 3 pm after announcing the policy at 11 am while the analyst call was slated for the next afternoon.

  Since this is the fourth bi-monthly policy review of this fiscal and the first under the MPC framework, the Reserve Bank will be coming up with the twice-a-year Monetary Policy Report that takes stock of macroeconomic developments.

  This will be Patel's maiden policy announcement as the Governor. He was the deputy governor in-charge of the monetary policy function for over four years before the recent elevation.

  It will also be the first policy to be announced under MPC, where the decision-making on rates will shift to the six-member panel which has equal representation from RBI and the government.

  While RBI nominees are Executive Director Michael Patra, Deputy Governor in-charge of monetary policy R Gandhi and Patel, who has a casting vote, the government's members are Chetan Ghate of the Indian Statistical Institute, Pami Dua of Delhi School of Economics and Ravindra Dholakia of IIM Ahmedabad.

  The panel, which was notified only yesterday, shall be meeting on October 3 and 4 to take a view on the rates, the Reserve Bank said on its website.

  With inflation subsiding last month and showing signs of downward trend, arrival of a new chief of the central bank and the panel-led decision making has led to expectations of a rate cut on Tuesday.

Telcos chalk out strategies for India's largest spectrum auction

• 
  

  The largest telecom spectrum auction is about to begin. The airwaves on sale - 2354.55 megahertz (MHz) - are the highest that the government has sold in the telecom auction process that started in 2010.  The government aims to raise some Rs 5.66 lakh crore from auctions which will kick off on October 1. Spectrum across all bands - 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2300 MHz and 2500 MHz - will be up for sale. For the first time, 700 MHz, the most efficient band to provide 4G services, is on the block.

  The existing players - Bharti Airtel, Vodafone India and Idea Cellular - are feeling the heat after Reliance Jio's 4G launch. Jio has to ensure excellent service quality so that people can migrate to its network. It means that Jio might acquire more spectrum and fill gaps in its network. It is already battling resistance from existing operators in releasing sufficient interconnect facility, leading to high call failures for Jio customers making calls to other networks. But as a telecom analyst points out that the telecom sector is about spectrum and interconnection. The upcoming auctions, therefore, will be a defining period for every telecom operator. Here's a rundown of the possible game plan of different operators.

  1. Bharti Airtel - The largest telecom operator with over 255 million wireless subscribers, Airtel has plenty more at stake than any other player. Over the past one year, it has acquired 4G spectrum (inorganically) from Aircel (in seven circles), Videocon Telecom (in six circles), and Augere (one circle). With this, the telco has 1800 MHz in 22 circles and 2300 MHz in 17 circles, which means that it has a pan-India 4G presence. Besides, it has 3G spectrum in 21 circles. Bharti has enough spectrum to sit quietly through the auctions but it can ill-afford to ignore the moves of others, especially Jio. According to reports, Jio has deposited Rs 6,500 crore of EMD (earnest money deposit) in the upcoming auctions, the highest among all operators. Airtel, on the other hand, has deposited Rs 1,980 crore. EMD shows the level of interest of a telecom operator.

  A vast majority of analyst says that Airtel is likely to bid for 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz to further strengthen its 3G and 4G footprint. Telcos like Airtel have said that the reserve price for 700 MHz is prohibitive. But nothing can be ruled out. "Bharti…[has] the luxury of not needing spectrum. They can bid selectively this year and afford to sit out entirely. [It has] eye on the more attractive 700MHz band and hoping it is reauctioned next year at a lower reserve price," says a Bernstein report in April.

  2. Reliance Jio - The $22.56 billion start-up is busy acquiring customers. There are reports that Jio has crossed 10 million customers, fast inching towards its target of 100 million. Since the launch, Jio has upset the sector by offering free voice calls for lifetime. Its spectrum holding for 4G - 2300 MHz in 22 circles, 1800 MHz in 18 circles and 800 MHz in 18 circles (including sharing and trading pact with Reliance Communications) - is far more than other operators. That's because it is entirely focused on 4G technology, unlike others who offer 2G, 3G and 4G simultaneously.

  
  

  With a fast-growing customer base, Jio will need more spectrum to decongest its network, and provide seamless experience. It's expected that Jio will go for 700 MHz in order to improve its indoor coverage. Ever since Reliance Industries bought BWA spectrum (2300 MHz) in 2010, it has been acquiring more spectrum in lower frequencies (1800 MHz and 800 MHz) to improve its indoor coverage. With 700 MHz under its belt, Jio can take its lead to the next level. But it's entirely speculative.

  3. Vodafone India - Vodafone was in the news recently after the company announced that it has received the largest FDI (foreign direct investment) of Rs 47,700 crore from its parent Vodafone Group. The company said that the funds will be used to pay off debt (Rs 81,500 crore in 2015/16) and "right-sizing" its spectrum. Vodafone is in desperate need of spectrum to stay relevant in the market.

  Its 4G spectrum holding - in nine circles - puts the company in the weakest spot among other major operators. Analysts say that a substantial amount of the fresh equity infusion might go towards spectrum acquisition, especially in bands such as 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2300 MHz. The telco recently deposited Rs 2,740 crore EMD with department of telecom. Experts say that the paltry amount doesn't give enough flexibility to Vodafone to react to the strategy of other operators.
  
  4. Idea Cellular - The position of Idea Cellular is not much different from Vodafone. Idea, like Vodafone, was late to realize that the market is shifting towards 4G technology. It was betting big on 3G even at a time when there were clear signs of market moving towards 4G. As a result, the company missed the 4G bus. It today holds 4G spectrum in just 10 circles. The 3G presence is better but that doesn't make Idea an attractive choice for consumers who are keen on high-speed wireless broadband.

  Idea can still make up for its mistakes by gobbling up 4G spectrum in auctions. It's likely that Idea will buy spectrum in 1800 MHz and 2300 MHz bands to build a decent 4G presence and retain its customers with a mix of 4G and 3G service offerings. Smaller players have already been acquired or merged with larger entities; the current auction may just be the only hope for Idea to beef up its spectrum holding.

Govt working on rollout of GST from next April: FM Arun Jaitley

• 
  

  Government is working on a target date of April 1, 2017 for the rollout of Goods and Services Tax, and the first meeting of the GST Council was held in a "very cordial and constructive environment", Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said on Friday.

  In his opening remarks at the Fourth Meeting of the Parliamentary Consultative Committee meeting here, he said the government so far is following the road map for implementation of GST "as per the schedule".

  The subject of meeting was GST, an official release said.

  Jaitley said that till September 16, 2017, one year after the provisions of the Constitution (101st Amendment) Act, 2016 being brought into force, the Constitution empowers the central government to levy excise duty on manufacturing, and service tax on the supply of services.

  Similarly, the Constitution Amendment Act empowers the state governments to levy sales tax or Value Added Tax (VAT) on the sale of goods till that time September 16, 2016.

  The Finance Minister further said that the first meeting of the GST Council was held in a very cordial and constructive environment earlier this month. The second meeting is scheduled on Thursday.

  The GST Council is a joint forum of the Centre and the States. The Council will take decisions on important issues like tax rates, exemption list and threshold limits.

  Members of Consultative Committee sought various clarifications with regard to GST Law and gave suggestions for its better implementation.

  Some of the major suggestions include need for absolute clarity and transparency with regard to where taxes will be collected, assessed and where the appeal will be filed in case of GST regime.

  As per a release, the members said that it will be a challenging task to tackle complex situation arising-out of implementation of GST law in a federal system.

  Some of them suggested there is a need for launching a large scale awareness campaign especially for small traders as most of them are still unaware of the complex procedures and processes under the GST regime including registration and filing of returns.

Petrol price hiked by 28 paise per litre, diesel cheaper by 6 paise

• 
  

  Oil marketing firms on Friday raised petrol price by Rs 0.28 per litre and cut diesel price by 6 paise per litre citing current level of international product prices of petrol and diesel and rupee dollar exchange rate.

  Non-branded petrol will sell in Delhi at Rs 64.58 per litre, Rs 67.61 per litre in Kolkata, Rs 71 per litre in Mumbai and Rs 64.13 per litre in Chennai.

  The revised prices come into effect from midnight tonight.

  Oil marketing firms decided the prices of petrol and diesel on fortnightly basis. 

  In 2014 diesel prices were deregulated, giving oil marketing companies control to hike or cut prices according to global price movement. In 2010, the government deregulated petrol prices and linked them to the international oil rates

Infrastructure sector growth rises 3.2% in August

• 
  

  Infrastructure sector recorded a growth rate of 3.2 per cent in August, up from 3 per cent in the previous month but same as that in year-ago period, amid weak performance of coal, crude oil and natural gas segments.

  The growth rate of the eight infrastructure sectors coal, crude oil, natural gas, refinery products, fertilisers, steel, cement and electricity in August 2015 was also 3.2 per cent.

  The core sectors, which contribute 38 per cent to the country's total industrial production, had expanded by 3 per cent in July.

  As per data released by the government, the cumulative growth of the sector during April-August period of the fiscal was 4.5 per cent against 2.4 per cent in the same period last fiscal.

  Coal, crude oil and natural gas production dipped by 9.2 per cent, 3.9 per cent and 5.7 per cent, respectively in August.

  Refinery production grew by 3.5 per cent during the month under review as against 5.8 per cent in the same month last year.

  Similarly fertiliser, cement and electricity record a growth of 5.7 per cent, 3.1 per cent and 0.1 per cent in August 2016 as compared to 13.8 per cent, 5.4 per cent and 5.6 per cent respectively in August 2015.

  Steel output surged by 17 per cent against a negative growth of 3.3 per cent in the same month last year.

General Awareness

Latest Central Governors World Wide – Updated on September 2016

• 
  

  Dear Readers & Aspirants,

  We collected some Latest Central Governors world wide and make it in table format. We Hope it will definitely help you for your upcoming Exams.

  Country	Central Bank Name	Governor/President/Chair
  Afghanistan	Bank Of Afghanistan	Noorullah Delawari
  Albania	Bank Of Albania	Gent Sejko
  Algeria	Bank Of Algeria	Mohamed Loukal
  Angola	National Bank Of Angola	Valter Filipe Da Silva
  Argentina	Central Bank Of Argentina	Federico Sturzenegger
  Anguilla	Eastern Caribbean Central Bank	Hubert Hughes
  Antigua And Barbuda	Eastern Caribbean Central Bank	Harold Lovell
  Armenia	Central Bank Of Armenia	Arthur Javadyan
  Aruba	Central Bank Of Aruba	Jeanette R. Semeleer (F)
  Australia	Reserve Bank Of Australia	Philip Lowe
  Austria	European Central Bank	Ewald Nowotny
  Azerbaijan	Central Bank Of The Rep. Of Azerbaijan	Ellman Siraj Oglu Rustamov
  Bahamas	Central Bank Of The Bahamas	Wendy Craigg (F)
  Bahrain	Central Bank Of Bahrain	Rasheed Mohammed Al-Maraj
  Bangladesh	Bangladesh Bank	Fazle Kabir
  Barbados	Central Bank Of Barbados	Delisle Worrell
  Belarus	National Bank Of Rep. Of Belarus	Pavel Kallaur
  Belgium	European Central Bank	Jan Smets
  Belize	Central Bank Of Belize	Glenford Ysaguirre
  Benin	Central Bank Of West African States	Evariste Sebastian Bonou
  Bermuda	Bermuda Monetary Authority	Jeremy Cox (Chief Executive)
  Bhutan	Royal Monetary Authority Of Bhutan	Daw Tenzin
  Bolivia	Central Bank Of Bolivia	Marcelo Zabalaga
  Bosnia & Herzegovina	Central Bank Of Bosnia & Herzegovina	Senad Softic
  Botswana	Bank Of Botswana	Linah Mohohlo (F)
  Brazil	Central Bank Of Brazil	Ilan Goldfajn
  Bulgaria	Bulgarian National Bank	Dimitar Radev
  Burkina Faso	Central Bank Of West African States	Charles Luanga Ki-Zerbo
  Burundi	Bank Of The Republic Of Burundi	Jean Ciza
  Cambodia	National Bank Of Cambodia	Chea Chanto
  Cameroon	Bank Of Central African States	Lucas Abaga Nchama
  Canada	Bank Of Canada	Stephen Poloz
  Cayman Islands	Cayman Islands Monetary Authority	George Mccarthy
  Cape Verde	Bank Of Cape Verde	Joao Serra
  Cen. African Republic	Bank Of Central African States	Lucas Abaga Nchama
  Chad	Bank Of Central African States	Lucas Abaga Nchama
  Chile	Central Bank Of Chile	Rodrigo Vergara
  China	People’s Bank Of China	Zhou Xiaochuan
  Colombia	Central Bank Of Colombia	Jose Dario Uribe Escobar
  Commonwealth Of Dominica	Eastern Caribbean Central Bank	Roosevelt Skerrit
  Republic Of Congo	Bank Of Central African States	Lucas Abaga Nchama
  Democratic Rep. Of The Congo	Central Bank Of Congo	Deogratias Mutombo Nyembo
  Costa Rica	Central Bank Of Costa Rica	Olivier Castro
  Croatia	Croatian National Bank	Boris Vujcic
  Cuba	Central Bank Of Cuba	Ernesto Medina Villaveiran
  Curacao & St. Maarten	Central Bank Of Curacao And St. Maarten	Emsley Tromp
  Cyprus	European Central Bank	Chrystalla Georghadji (F)
  Czech Republic	Czech National Bank	Jiri Rusnok
  Denmark	National Bank Of Denmark	Lars Rohde
  Dominican Repl.	Central Bank Of The Dominican Rep.	Hector Valdez Albizu
  Ecuador	Central Bank Of Ecuador	Pedro Delgado
  Egypt	Central Bank Of Egypt	Tarek Amer
  El Salvador	Central Reserve Bank Of El Salvador	Oscar Cabrera
  Equatorial Guinea	Bank Of Central African States	Lucas Abaga Nchama
  Estonia	European Central Bank	Ardo Hansson
  Ethiopia	National Bank Of Ethiopia	Teklewold Atnafu
  Fiji	Reserve Bank Of Fiji	Barry Whiteside
  Finland	European Central Bank	Erkki Liikanen
  France	European Central Bank	Francois Villeroy De Galhau
  Gabon	Bank Of Central African States	Lucas Abaga Nchama
  Gambia	Central Bank Of The Gambia	Amadou Colley
  Georgia	National Bank Of Georgia	Giorgi Kadagidze
  Germany	European Central Bank	Jens Weidmann
  Ghana	Bank Of Ghana	Abdul-Nashiru Issahaku
  Greece	European Central Bank	Yannis Stournaras
  Grenada	Eastern Caribbean Central Bank	Keith Mitchell
  Guatemala	Bank Of Guatemala	Julio Roberto Suarez War
  Guinea	Central Bank Of The Rep. Of Guinea	Lounceny Nabe
  Guinea-Bisseau	Central Bank Of West African States	Joao Alaje Mamadu Fadia
  Guyana	Bank Of Guyana	Gobind Ganga
  Haiti	Bank Of The Republic Of Haiti	Jean Baden Dubois
  Honduras	Central Bank Of Honduras	Maria Elena Mondragon (F)
  Hong Kong	Hong Kong Monetary Authority	Norman Chan
  Hungary	Central Bank Of Hungary	Gyorgy Matolcsy
  Iceland	Central Bank Of Iceland	Mar Gudmundsson
  India	Reserve Bank Of India	Urjit Patel
  Indonesia	Bank Indonesia	Agus Martowardojo
  Iran	Central Bank Of Islamic Rep. Of Iran	Valiollah Seif
  Iraq	Central Bank Of Iraq	Ali Mohsin Ismail
  Ireland	European Central Bank	Philip Lane
  Israel	Bank Of Israel	Karnit Flug (F)
  Italy	European Central Bank	Ignazio Visco
  Ivory Coast	Central Bank Of West African States	Jean-Baptiste Aman
  Jamaica	Bank Of Jamaica	Brian Wynter
  Japan	Bank Of Japan	Haruhiko Kuroda
  Jordan	Central Bank Of Jordan	Ziad Fariz
  Kazakhstan	National Bank Of Kazakhstan	Daniyar Akishev
  Kenya	Central Bank Of Kenya	Patrick Ngugi Njoroge
  Korea, Republic Of	Bank Of Korea	Kim Choongsoo
  Kosovo	Central Bank Of The Republic Of Kozovo	Bedri Hamza
  Kuwait	Central Bank Of Kuwait	Mohammad Yusef Al-Hashel
  Kyrgyzstan	National Bank Of The Kyrgyz Repl.	Abdygulov T. Meimanaliev
  Latvia	Bank Of Latvia	Ilmars Rimsevics
  Laos (Lao People’s Dem. Repl.)	Bank Of The Lao P.D. R.	Somphao Phaysith
  Lebanon	Central Bank Of Lebanon	Riad T. Salameh
  Lesotho	Central Bank Of Lesotho	Retselisitsoe Matlanyane (F)
  Liberia	Central Bank Of Liberia	Milton Weeks
  Libya	Central Bank Of Libya	Saddek Omar Elkaber
  Lithuania	Bank Of Lithuania	Vitas Vasiliauskas
  Luxembourg	European Central Bank	Gaston Reinesch
  Macao	Monetary Authority Of Macao	Anselmo Teng
  Macedonia	National Bank Of The Rep. Of Macedonia	Dimitar Bogov
  Madagascar	Central Bank Of Madagascar	Rasolofondraibe Alain Herve
  Malawi	Reserve Bank Of Malawi	Charles Chuka
  Malaysia	Bank Negara Malaysia	Muhammad Ibrahim
  Maldives	Maldives Monetary Authority	Azeema Adam (F)
  Mali	Central Bank Of West African States	Konzo Traore
  Malta	European Central Bank	Josef Bonnici
  Mauritania	Central Bank Of Mauritania	Sid’ahmed Ould Raiss
  Mauritius	Central Bank Of Mauritius	Ramesh Basant Roi
  Mexico	Bank Of Mexico	Agustin Carstens
  Moldova	National Bank Of Moldova	Sergiu Cioclea
  Mongolia	Bank Of Mongolia	Naidansuren Zoljargal
  Montenegro	Central Bank Of Montenegro	Milojica Dakic
  Montserrat	Eastern Caribbean Central Bank	Reuben T Meade
  Morocco	Bank Of Morocco	Abdellatif Jouahri
  Mozambique	Bank Of Mozambique	Rogerio Lucas Zandamela
  Myanmar	Central Bank Of Myanmar	Kyaw Kyaw Maung
  Namibia	Bank Of Namibia	Ipumbu Shiimi
  Nepal	Nepal Rastra Bank	Chiranjibi Nepal
  Netherlands	European Central Bank	Klaas Knot
  New Zealand	Reserve Bank Of New Zealand	Graeme Wheeler
  Nicaragua	Central Bank Of Nicaragua	Leonardo Ovidio Reyes Ramirez
  Niger	Central Bank Of West African States	Mahamadou Gado
  Nigeria	Central Bank Of Nigeria	Godwin Emefiele
  Norway	Norges Bank	Oeystein Olsen
  Oman	Central Bank Of Oman	Hamood Sangour Al Zadjali (Exec. President)
  Pakistan	State Bank Of Pakistan	Ashraf Wathra
  Palestine	Palestine Monetary Authority	Jihad Khalil Al-Wazir
  Papua New Guinea	Bank Of Papua New Guinea	Loi Bakani
  Paraguay	Central Bank Of Paraguay	Carlos Gustavo Fernandez Valdovinos
  Peru	Central Reserve Bank Of Peru	Julio Velarde Flores
  Philippines	Bangko Sentral Ng Pilipinas	Amando M. Tetangco
  Poland	National Bank Of Poland	Adam Glapinski
  Portugal	European Central Bank	Carlos Costa
  Qatar	Qatar Central Bank	Abdullah Saud Al-Thani
  Romania	National Bank Of Romania	Mugur Isarescu
  Russia	Bank Of Russia	Elvira Nabiullina (F)
  Rwanda	National Bank Of Rwanda	John Rwangombwa
  Samoa	Central Bank Of Samoa	Atalina Ainuu Enari (F)
  Sao Tome And Principe	Central Bank Of Sao Tome And Principe	Maria Do Carmo Silveira (F)
  Saint Lucia	Eastern Caribbean Central Bank	Kenny D. Anthony
  Saint Kitts And Nevis	Eastern Caribbean Central Bank	Denzil L. Douglas
  Saint Vincent & Granadines	Eastern Caribbean Central Bank	Ralph Gonsalves
  San Marino	Central Bank Of The Republic Of San Marino	Renato Clarizia
  Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority	Ahmed Alkholifey
  Senegal	Central Bank Of West African States	Mamadou Camara
  Serbia	National Bank Of Serbia	Jorgovanka Tabakovic (F)
  Seychelles	Central Bank Of Seychelles	Caroline Abel (F)
  Sierra Leone	Bank Of Sierra Leone	Momodu Lamin Kargbo
  Singapore	Monetary Authority Of Singapore	Ravi Menon
  Slovakia	European Central Bank	Jozef Makuch
  Slovenia	European Central Bank	Bostjan Jazbec
  Solomon Islands	Central Bank Of Solomon Islands	Denton Rarawa
  Somalia	Central Bank Of Somalia	Bashir Issa Ali
  South Africa	South African Reserve Bank	Lesetja Kganyago
  South Korea	Bank Of Korea	Lee Ju-Yeol
  Spain	European Central Bank	Luis Maria Linde
  Sri Lanka	Central Bank Of Sri Lanka	Indrajith Coomaraswamy
  Sudan	Central Bank Of Sudan	Abdel Rahman Hassan
  Swaziland	Central Bank Of Swaziland	Majozi Sithole
  Sweden	The Riksbank	Stefan Ingves
  Switzerland	Swiss National Bank	Thomas Jordan
  Syrian Arab Republic	Central Bank Of Syria	Adib Mayaleh
  Tanzania	Bank Of Tanzania	Benno Ndulu
  Taiwan	Central Bank Of The Rep. Of China	Fai-Nan Perng
  Tajikistan	National Bank Of Tajikistan	Abdujabbor Shirinov
  Thailand	Bank Of Thailand	Veerathai Santiprabhob
  Togolese Republic	Central Bank Of Togo	Kossi Tenou
  Tonga	National Reserve Bank Of Tonga	Sione Ngongo Kioa
  Trinidad & Tobago	Central Bank Of Trinidad And Tobago	Alvin Hilaire
  Tunisia	Central Bank Of Tunisia	Chedly Ayari
  Turkey	Central Bank Of Republic Of Turkey	Murat Cetinkaya
  Turkmenistan	Central Bank Of Turkmenistan	Merdan Annadurdyyev
  United Arab Emirates	Central Bank Of United Arab Emirates	Mubarak Rashid Al-Mansouri
  Uganda	Bank Of Uganda	Emmanuel Tumusiime Mutebile
  Ukraine	National Bank Of Ukraine	Valeriia Gontareva (F)
  United Kingdom	Bank Of England	Mark Carney
  Uruguay	Central Bank Of Uruguay	Mario Bergara
  United States Of America	Federal Reserve	Janet Yellen (F)
  Uzbekistan	Central Bank Of The Rep. Of Uzbekistan	Fayzulla Mullajanov
  Vanuatu	Reserve Bank Of Vanuatu	Odo Tevi
  Venezuela	Central Bank Of Venezuela	Eudomar Tovar
  Vietnam	State Bank Of Vietnam	Le Minh Hung
  Yemen	Central Bank Of Yemen	Monasser Al Quaiti
  Zambia	Bank Of Zambia	Denny Kalyala
  Zimbabwe	Reserve Bank Of Zimbabwe	John Mangudya